대원1학년 4주차 진단고사
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필독
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Question 1 of 14
1. Question
1. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? [5점]
We need to consider dance as functioning within systems of exchange because of the changes in the world economy that have taken place in the last forty or so years. Prior to this period dance was often conceptualized either as an artistic pursuit whose economy lay outside and beyond the world of conventional commerce, or as a form of pleasure that diverted or replenished the laboring body. However, with the burgeoning of service industries and the consolidation of a pervasive culture of measuring and calculating human activity in terms of its productivity, even dance has been assimilated into machineries of economic assessment, marketing, and exchange. Now frequently construed as a form of labor, a concept that has begun to infuse every aspect of life, dance participates as part of the global capitalist and neoliberal world order that Randy Martin described as “a triumphant ideology that replaces state with markets, public with private values, and a liberal consensus with a conservative hegemony.”
① 현대 경제 체제에서는 춤도 경제적 평가와 교환의 기계 속에 포함된다.
② 춤은 예술적 추구로서 전통적인 상업과는 별개로 간주되어야 한다.
③ 서비스 산업의 성장으로 춤의 중요성이 감소하고 있다.
④ 춤은 노동의 개념과는 무관하게 즐거움의 형태로 남아 있어야 한다.
⑤ 세계 경제의 변화로 인해 춤의 예술적 가치는 더욱 강조되고 있다. -
Question 2 of 14
2. Question
[2~3]
In the aftermath of the Great Depression, the 1930s were a time of economic gloom for the American people. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt set up New Deal cultural programs in 1935 to provide economic relief and cultural enrichment to all its citizens. The federal cultural programs of the 1930s were based on concern for tens of thousands of artists who had lost their livelihoods due to the state of the economy and the skyrocketing popularity of media like the phonograph, radio, and movies. Of the New Deal cultural programs, ⓐthe largest and most important were the Works Progress Administration (WPA), a huge back-to-work program launched in the spring of 1935 to provide tax dollars to artists, musicians, actors, writers, photographers, and dancers.
The WPA arts projects were known as Federal One. Federal One’s philosophy was to provide jobs for the unemployed that would be beneficial for the public and conserve the skills and self-esteem of workers throughout the U.S. In particular, ⓑyoung men and women who were embarking on a career in the arts during the Great Depression were to nurture. The projects comprised four major divisions: FAP, FTP, FMP, and FWP.
The Federal Art Project (FAP) commissioned painters and sculptors to create works of art and teach art history classes. At its peak in 1936, the FAP employed 5,300 visual artists and related professionals to produce murals, paintings, sculptures, and other artistic ventures for public consumption.
The Federal Theatre Project (FTP) was created as a “free, adult, uncensored” federal theater and presented more than 1,000 performances each month to almost one million people; 78% of these audience members were not charged, and ⓒmany seeing live theater for the first time.
Meanwhile, the Federal Music Project (FMP) employed approximately 16,000 performers ― orchestras and chamber groups; choral and opera units; concert, military and dance bands; and theater orchestras ― and presented an estimated 5,000 performances before three million people every week.
The Federal Writers Project (FWP) employed 6,686 writers at the height of its operation in April 1936 to produce a variety of publications. It is best-known for its American Guide Series, ⓓintended to produce comprehensive guidebooks for every state in the U.S.
By employing 3.5 million persons in more than 1,000 cities, the WPA helped foster a distinctly American art. However, because total federal appropriations for the program came to $11 billion, officials were very critical and ⓔargued that money be being wasted on unnecessary projects. In 1939, certain WPA projects were canceled and federal funding was reduced. After Roosevelt finally signed the order to bring it to an end, the WPA finished on June 30, 1943.
2. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오. [8점]
① The Federal Theatre Project aimed to democratize access to theater by offering free performances to a large portion of its audience.
② The Federal Writers Project primarily focused on creating employment opportunities for writers in non-artistic fields such as technical writing and journalism.
③ The Works Progress Administration was established to provide financial assistance and job opportunities to a wide range of artists and cultural workers.
④ The Federal Music Project facilitated live music performances across various genres, reaching millions of Americans each week.
⑤ The Federal Art Project not only produced artworks but also played a significant role in art education by teaching art history classes.
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Question 3 of 14
3. Question
3. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 어법상 맞는 것을 고르시오. [10점]
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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Question 4 of 14
4. Question
[4~5]
In a definitive manner, Burgess identified the concentric zones from the more expensive land of the central business district (CBD) in the center through five distinct zones. Zone 1 was the CBD itself, the economic and geographical center of the city, where consumer and commercial activities were focused. The outer areas of this zone had lower rents and contained warehouses, storage facilities, and the wholesale business district. Zone 2 was labeled the transition zone and included older factories and an area of deteriorating neighborhoods where immigrants usually resided in cheap housing; this zone was associated with high crime rates and social disorganization. Zone 3 was the residential area typically settled by blue-collar workers and second-generation immigrants who had moved out from Zone 2. After this area came Zone 4, the outer city area of the middle class, characterized by small business owners, professional people, and white-collar workers. Finally there was Zone 5, the “commuter zone” or suburbs comprising of the upper-middle-class and classic suburban lifestyles of comfortable living and leisure.
He proposed that ________. Over time, as a city grows and develops, the CBD puts pressure on the zone immediately surrounding it, known as the zone of transition. As the CBD grows outward, it would invade nearby residential neighborhoods forcing them to expand outward. 이 과정이 계속되어, 이어지는 각각의 주변 지역은 CBD에서 점점 더 멀리 옮겨가게 되는 것으로 여겨졌다. As a city grows and its CBD expands outward, lower-status residents move to bordering neighborhoods and richer residents move further away from the CBD because inner city housing is mostly occupied by immigrants and households with low socio-economic status.
Burgess’s model has come in for criticism from various observers. It has been accused of being too simple, only applicable to social and cultural conditions in cities up to the 1950s, and inappropriate as a method of understanding modern cities. Furthermore, the concentric model was developed with American cities in mind and clearly did not fit the evolution of most European cities. Nevertheless, it has still become one of the most prominent theories of urban sociology and serves as a useful way to explain urban land use and urban growth in early twentieth-century American cities. It has also been extensively used to explain social problems such as unemployment and crime in certain areas of cities.
4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [6점]
① the zones would gradually form in a random manner
② this would halt the outward expansion of the city
③ these concentric zones expanded through invasion and succession
④ residents would remain static regardless of city growth
⑤ the CBD had no influence on surrounding areas
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Question 5 of 14
5. Question
5. [보기]에 주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 16단어로 영작하시오. (단어추가 가능, 어형변화 가능) [10점]
[보기] further / believe / continue / move / from / successive / this process / with / the CBD / away / each
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(대소문자 무관, 마침표는 제외할 것)
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Question 6 of 14
6. Question
6. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [6점]
In a study performed by Margaret Shih and her colleagues at Harvard, a group of Asian women were given similar math tests on two separate occasions. The first time around, ⓐthey were primed to think about the fact ⓑthat they were women, stereotypically worse at math than men. The second time around, they were told to focus on their identity as Asians, ⓒgenerally thought to be math whizzes compared to other ethnic groups. The women were far better in the second situation ⓓthan they did in the first. Their math IQs hadn’t changed, ⓔneither had the difficulty of the questions. But in the second instance they believed more in their ability, and this was enough to make a substantive difference in the test results.
① The Role of Gender in Academic Performance
② How Asian Women Excel in Mathematics!
③ The Impact of Gender on Math Skills
④ Harvard’s Groundbreaking Math Study
⑤ Can Belief in Ability Change Test Outcomes?
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Question 7 of 14
7. Question
7. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 어법상 틀린 것을 모두 고르시오. [10점]
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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Question 8 of 14
8. Question
8. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오. [8점]
Ernest W. Burgess was an urban sociologist at the University of Chicago who gave birth to the theory of urban ecology, a branch of ecology that analyzes the relationship between humans and their environments in urban or urbanizing settings. As a member of the so-called Chicago School of scholars working at the University of Chicago, Burgess focused on the form and development of the modern American city and tried to find out how the sociological, psychological, and moral aspects of urban living were reflected in spatial relationships.
In 1924, Burgess presented the famous concentric zone theory, which was based on his observations of Chicago during the early years of the twentieth century. He believed that the accessibility of a central location made it the most valuable part of a city, and hence it becomes an important employment center within a city. He also claimed that low-income households prefer to live in close proximity to their workplaces, whereas richer people prefer to live closer to the natural environment. Based on the interests of a particular group, areas spread in concentric zones outward from the center of a city.
① Ernest W. Burgess contributed to the field of urban sociology through his development of the theory of urban ecology.
② The concentric zone theory suggests that the central part of a city tends to be the most economically valuable due to its role as a major employment hub.
③ Burgess’s observations led him to conclude that wealthier individuals often choose residences that are nearer to natural settings as opposed to urban centers.
④ The concentric zone model was designed to reflect the distribution of different social classes across a city based on their economic capabilities and preferences.
⑤ Burgess’s theory was influenced by his observations of urban dynamics outside the United States.
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Question 9 of 14
9. Question
9. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오. [8점]
Scientists did not know a lot about Neptune until NASA’s unmanned spacecraft Voyager 2 traveled 2.6 billion miles across space and passed the planet in 1989. Neptune is a gas giant, about four times bigger than the earth, with a small solid core and an outer atmosphere made up mostly of hydrogen and helium. It is believed that deep within Neptune’s atmosphere there exists a very different inner atmosphere, a turbulent mix of molten rock, ammonia, water, and methane that encircles the planet’s core and is subject to extreme pressure and heat.
Based on what is known about Neptune, some astronomers believe that its atmospheric conditions, combined with its chemical composition, may actually be responsible for the creation of giant diamonds. The composition of Neptune’s atmosphere is estimated to be about 15 percent methane, which is the key to the diamond hypothesis. A carbon atom in the middle surrounded by four hydrogen atoms at its corners makes up one methane molecule (CH4). When temperature and pressure are sufficiently high, this molecule can separate into hydrogen and carbon, with the separated carbon atoms being able to compress into diamond. Neptune’s extreme heat, which can get as high as 13,000˚F due to high pressure forming extremely hot gases, can split methane molecules, allowing the carbon atoms to attach directly to one another, while the pressure compresses them into diamond crystals. If this phenomenon is indeed occurring on Neptune, the result would be great quantities of hydrogen gas being released into the outer atmosphere, with solid diamonds dropping down onto the planet’s surface.
① Neptune’s atmosphere is primarily composed of oxygen and nitrogen, similar to Earth’s atmosphere.
② The discovery of Neptune’s diamond-producing capabilities has been confirmed through direct sampling by space missions.
③ The extreme conditions within Neptune’s atmosphere facilitate a process that might convert methane into diamond.
④ Voyager 2 collected physical diamond samples from Neptune during its flyby in 1989.
⑤ Neptune’s core is entirely made up of diamonds due to the high pressure and temperatures it experiences.
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Question 10 of 14
10. Question
10. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 2개 고르시오. [6점]
When visible light travels from one substance into another, the light waves may experience a phenomenon called refraction, which involves the light bending or changing its direction. In the latter part of the seventeenth century, Sir Isaac Newton carried out a number of experiments dealing with the refraction of light that resulted in his discovery of the visible light spectrum. Newton situated a glass prism in front of a narrow ray of sunlight coming from a hole made in a window shutter inside a darkened room. An ordered spectrum of color could be witnessed being projected onto a screen behind the prism when the sunlight passed through the prism. This experiment allowed Newton to demonstrate that white light is composed of a series of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.
Furthermore, Newton revealed that the color spectrum could refract the white light back together. By placing a second prism nearby the first, Newton showed that when all of the dispersed colors traveled through the second prism, they combined again into white light. This was conclusive evidence that white light is made up of a spectrum of colors that can easily be divided and reunited.
Upon conducting further experiments, Newton found that when light passed through a lens, a similar thing happened as to when light traveled through the prism, leading to images being surrounded by a spectrum of colors. It occurred to him that any refracting telescope that employs lenses would have trouble getting a more accurate focus of objects due to central images in refracting telescopes being surrounded by different-colored rings. To solve this problem, Newton constructed a telescope in 1671 that employed mirrors instead of lenses to bring the light to a focus. He was able to substantially reduce the length of a telescope by using a curved mirror to reflect and focus the light inside the tube, thus creating a clearer vision.
① Sir Isaac Newton은 18세기에 빛의 굴절에 대한 실험을 했다.
② Newton은 창문 셔터에 구멍을 뚫어 햇빛을 유리 프리즘에 통과시켰다.
③ Newton은 두 번째 프리즘을 사용하여 색이 다시 흰빛으로 결합되는 것을 보여주었다.
④ Newton은 빛이 렌즈를 통과할 때 색의 스펙트럼이 생긴다는 것을 발견했다.
⑤ Newton은 1671년에 렌즈를 사용한 망원경을 만들었다.
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Question 11 of 14
11. Question
11. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [5점]
Among the many discoveries NASA made when it began sending people into space was the fact that pens do not work well in zero gravity. The ink wouldn’t flow properly. To overcome the problem, NASA gathered several teams of mechanical, chemical, and hydrodynamic engineers. NASA spent millions of dollars to develop what became known as the “space pen.” The space pen was very effective. It worked in zero gravity and even worked under water. At the same time, the Soviets solved the problem as well, but much more cheaply and effectively. They supplied their cosmonauts with pencils. The NASA scientists were grounded in patterns based on high technology. Despite the fact that many of the engineers working on the problem probably used pencils themselves, they failed to see that there was an inexpensive and reliable low-tech solution readily available. They saw the problem as “How might we make a pen write in zero gravity?” rather than simply “How might we write in zero gravity?”
① The development of writing instruments
② NASA’s innovative solutions to space-related problems
③ Differences in technological approaches between NASA and the Soviets
④ The challenges of writing in zero gravity
⑤ The cost-effectiveness of space mission solutions -
Question 12 of 14
12. Question
12. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오. [7점]
What happens to our personalities when serious life events occur? Studies on lottery winners show that, after an initial stage of euphoria, people tend to return to their baseline levels of positivity or negativity — e.g., when grumpy people win the lottery they are happy for a few weeks, but after that they go back to being as grumpy as they usually are. By the same token, when optimistic or positive people suffer big setbacks — e.g. the death of a relative, job loss, or divorce — it does not take them too long to bounce back. In short, though life experiences affect our behaviours, personality determines how we respond to those experiences, so it is unusual for any episode to create major, longstanding changes in a person’s personality.
① Winning the lottery permanently changes a person’s level of grumpiness.
② Optimistic people generally experience longer periods of sadness after a setback than pessimistic people.
③ A person’s inherent personality traits play a crucial role in determining their emotional recovery after significant life events.
④ Serious life events often result in a permanent alteration of a person’s baseline personality traits.
⑤ Individuals who win the lottery often experience a permanent increase in happiness. -
Question 13 of 14
13. Question
13. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. [6점]
Unveiled to the world at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris on August 19, 1839, the daguerreotype process was the first practical method of obtaining permanent images with a camera. It was able to capture very fine, rich details that offered a mirror image of the original scene and seemed to possess three dimensions. The daguerreotype was the Polaroid of its time, producing a single image which was not reproducible.
Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, a French artist, perfected this method. In 1829, he forged a partnership with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, a French amateur scientist and inventor who had succeeded in securing a picture of the view from his window by using a camera obscura and pewter plate in 1826. Niépce named his picture-making process heliography and was able to produce the world’s first permanent photograph using it. However, his process was not commercially feasible because of the lengthy exposure time it required ― the subject and camera had to remain motionless for up to 8 hours to form the image.
“Following Niépce’s death in 1833, Daguerre continued to experiment on his own in search of an improved method to produce images with a camera. By 1837, he had finalized a process based on heliography and claimed the invention of “”the daguerreotype”” as his own. Daguerre’s process replaced Niepce’s pewter plate and resin with silver-plated copper sheets and iodine, and he also employed warm mercury vapor to drastically reduce the exposure time of his photographic images from a number of hours to twenty to thirty minutes.
The American public quickly seized on the opportunity to produce a “”truthful likeness”” of an image with a relatively short exposure time. Various improvements completed within a year of the invention’s initial disclosure further shortened the required exposure time to mere seconds, ensuring that the daguerreotype would become the first commercially viable photographic process. Before long, a profitable market for daguerreotype portraiture arose, and by 1850 there were over 70 daguerreotype studios in New York City. However, after enjoying ten years of widespread use, the popularity of the daguerreotype declined in the late 1850s upon the introduction of the ambrotype, a faster and less expensive photographic process.”
① The daguerreotype process was introduced to the public at a meeting in Paris in 1839.
② Joseph Nicéphore Niépce’s heliography process was not commercially viable due to its lengthy exposure time.
③ Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre continued his experiments alone after Niépce’s death in 1833.
④ The American public was slow to adopt the daguerreotype process due to its long exposure time.
⑤ By 1850, there were more than seventy daguerreotype studios operating in New York City. -
Question 14 of 14
14. Question
14. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [5점]
From a cross-cultural perspective the equation between public leadership and dominance is ①questionable. What does one mean by ‘dominance’? Does it indicate ②coercion? Or control over ‘the most valued’? ‘Political’ systems may be about both, either, or conceivably neither. The idea of ‘control’ would be a bothersome one for many peoples, as for instance among many native peoples of Amazonia where all members of a community are fond of their personal autonomy and notably ③allergic to any obvious expression of control or coercion. The conception of political power as a coercive force, while it may be a Western fixation, is not a universal. It is very ④common for an Amazonian leader to give an order. If many peoples do not view political power as a coercive force, nor as the most valued domain, then the leap from ‘the political’ to ‘domination’ (as coercion), and from there to ‘domination of women’, is a ⑤unstable one. As Marilyn Strathern has remarked, the notions of ‘the political’ and ‘political personhood’ are cultural obsessions of our own, a bias long reflected in anthropological constructs.