한영1 2주차 진단고사

[1~3번]

(I) Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in 1516. The work was written in Latin and it was published in Louvain (present-day Belgium). Utopia is a work of satire, directly criticizing Europe’s political corruption and religious hypocrisy. More was a Catholic Humanist. Alongside his close friend, the philosopher and writer Erasmus, More saw Humanism as a way to separate faith and reason. In depicting Utopia, More steps outside the bounds of orthodox Catholicism, but More’s ultimate goal is to indicate areas of improvement for Christian society — Is an ideal state possible? At the very least, Utopia exposes the absurdities and evils of More’s society by depicting an alternative.

(II) A devout Catholic, More was beheaded as a martyr in 1535, standing opposed to the principle of the Anglican Church and the King of England’s role as the head of the Church (replacing the Pope in Rome). In the 1530s, More wrote polemical tracts and essays attacking Lutheranism as heresy. All the same, More’s Utopia implies that Utopians are better than some Christians. St. Augustine’s City of God established the theme of the earthly city of God, reiterating the image of New Jerusalem presented in the Biblical Book of Revelations. Utopia is a type of New Jerusalem, a perfect place on earth. The Puritan experiments of the 1600s (in Britain and in North America) exemplify the programming of Utopian New Jerusalem.

(III) More’s work has left a lasting impact on subsequent political thought and literature. The Greek word Utopia translates as “no place” or “nowhere,” but in modern parlance, a Utopia is a good place, an ideal place. The term “utopia” has gained more significance than More’s original work. Utopia has inspired a diverse group of political thinkers. The utilitarian philosophy expounded in the late 1700s and early 1800s developed the idea of the ideal and perfect balance of happiness. Jeremy Bentham, a leading Utilitarian thinker, developed ideas of surveillance and the panopticon by which all can be seen. These reformatory practices, designed to quantify happiness, calculate moral goodness and produce the optimal balance, oppose the anti-privacy measures inflicted upon the citizens of More’s Utopia.

(IV) In the 1800s, the rise of urban industrialization triggered the proliferation of Utopian projects (agricultural communes), all of which failed. Utopia became the project of creating an ideal society apart from the demoralizing city. These Utopian projects were especially popular in Britain, France, and New England. The Utopian celebration of common property and dependence upon extensive state planning are the groundwork for communism and socialism as presented in Marx and Engels’ written works. 1848, the year of Marx’s Communist Manifesto, is a year of urban revolutions. Utopia’s criticisms of the nobility’s perversion of law to subjugate the poor were applied to the suffering of industrial and factory workers. The abolition of money, private property, and class structure would undermine the power of the bourgeoisie. Socialists believed that agricultural economies with property held in common would cure the ills of industrial capitalization.

(V) With the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the twentieth-century rise of communism, the ills of Utopia were made evident. The overbearing regulation and stifling of individualism were apparent in the communist Eastern Bloc and Soviet states. To be sure, More was neither a Communist nor a Socialist and it wouldn’t necessarily be accurate to call More a Utopian either. All the same, More’s work certainly propelled the philosophical development of these themes.

1. 윗글의 밑줄 친 단어 중 문맥상 틀린 것의 개수는? [2점]
① 0개 ② 1개 ③ 2개 ④ 3개 ⑤ 4개

2. Which of the following titles is not appropriate for the paragraph?
① [I] : Thomas More’s Satirical Utopia and its Criticism of European Society
② [II] : More’s Martyrdom and Opposition to Anglicanism
③ [III] : The Influence of St. Augustine on Utopian Thought
④ [IV] : The Impact of Utopia on 19th Century Socialism/Communism
⑤ [V] : The Failures of 20th Century Communism and Its Relation to Utopia

3. The following are some audience reactions to the above passage. Which is not appropriate? [2점]
① “It’s interesting to see how More’s Utopia, despite being a satire, ended up influencing so many political movements in the subsequent centuries.”
② “While More’s execution reflects his *staunch defense of Catholicism, his Utopia challenges contemporary religious practices.”
③ “The passage explains how Utopia’s depiction of a society with common property laid the groundwork for socialist and communist ideologies in later periods.”
④ “It’s fascinating how the word ‘utopia’ has evolved over time from meaning ‘nowhere’ in Greek to being associated with ideal societies today.”
⑤ “Despite the critical nature of Utopia, it’s apparent that More was *envisioning a perfect Christian society completely aligned with the doctrines of the Catholic Church.”
*staunch: 확고한 *envision: 상상하다, 마음속에 그리다

4. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
There is a common misconception that the reason we have hunger is because the earth is straining to feed an ever-growing population. This is not the case. The world uses only about a third of its arable land for crop production. And even that third we use inefficiently. China, for instance, has dramatically higher crop yields per acre than the United States, primarily because, even though the two countries are comparable in size, China has three times the population of the United States and only one-sixth the arable land, so its population has to grow crops more efficiently. Planet earth is in fact such a prodigious producer of food that in the United States, enough food is thrown away to keep all of the hungry people in the world fed.

① The earth is struggling to feed the growing population because of a lack of arable land. 

② The United States has higher crop yields per acre than China. 

③ The world uses all of its arable land for crop production. 

④ China has less population than the United States. 

⑤ The United States wastes enough food to feed all the hungry people in the world.

5. 밑줄 친 단어 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것은?

 By the early 1990s, the ①rise of the southwestern willow flycatcher was clear. In 1993, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) formally proposed listing the flycatcher as a federal endangered species and designating critical habitat, an important step under the Endangered Species Act that prevents damage to specific areas. The task of writing the rule that listed the bird as endangered under the act fell to Rob Marshall. Marshall, a Yale-trained biologist with FWS in Arizona, was becoming ②disappointed by the overall implementation of the Endangered Species Act. The FWS was highly politicized by powerful, ③wealthy interests that saw species listings and particularly habitat designations as a ④danger to business: if a species is listed but no critical habitat is designated, a now-common pattern, then restrictions on business are far fewer. This created an atmosphere in which it was extremely difficult for technical biological staff to ⑤preserve their integrity, says Marshall. For example, the process to list the flycatcher as endangered began in 1992, the proposed rule didn’t come out until 1995, and it took until 1997 to produce the final ruling to list it. The FWS only completed the listing because the watchdog organization Center for Biological Diversity sued them.

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A gentleman came into my stress-management office and said, ‘I’m mad at my boss. I don’t like my job. I don’t like the people that work with me. No one appreciates my work. I’m really angry.’ When I began teaching him about how his own thinking creates his angry feelings he said, ‘With all due respect, Dr. Carlson, I’m angry almost all the time, but I almost never think angry thoughts.’ Do you see where he was being fooled? Until that moment, he believed that ‘thinking’ meant the same thing as ‘pondering.’ Even though he may not have dwelled on his misery for hours at a time, he was nevertheless continually thinking negatively, a moment here and a moment there. He spent nearly all of his time thinking about the little things that irritated and annoyed him. It was almost as if the unstated goal of his life was to analyse it and to give his opinions on how various things affected him. His negative thoughts were creating his negative feelings and emotions and he didn’t even know he was thinking them. He was a victim of his own thinking.

① The gentleman was happy with his work environment.

② The gentleman was not aware of his constant negative thinking.

③ The gentleman was always pondering about his anger.

④ The gentleman’s boss was the main cause of his anger.

⑤ The gentleman was not a victim of his own thinking.

7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은??
Ritual is a set of catalytic messages, effecting transformation of state from one season of the year or one stage of the life cycle to another. State refers either to a social and biological stage in life ― adolescence or adulthood, for example ― or to social status, such as graduate student or doctor of philosophy. Many vertebrate species ― especially birds but fish and mammals, too ― have ritual. In these animals ritual is triggered by certain messages or symbols in response to chemical messages from the genes. For example, among the three-spined stickleback fish, the male’s zigzag courtship dance, whereby he entices a prospective mate to his nest, is triggered by the sight of her red belly, which is the signal that she is biologically ready to lay eggs. We assume, further, that the form of the zigzag dance itself is genetically programmed in the male’s nervous system. In any case, the ritual effects his transformation into a parent that tends the eggs in his nest.

① The role of genes in animal behavior

② The importance of rituals in human society

③ The impact of rituals on state transformation in animals and humans
④ The mating rituals of the three-spined stickleback fish

⑤ The stages of life in vertebrate species
 

8. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
How are films made and produced? A news item, an event, a novel or the biography of an important person might suggest suitable themes.

(A) There is a good scenario of October (Ten Days That Shook the World) written by Eisenstein himself but, once again, it is far removed from the three finished versions of the film we can see today. It is difficult to put into practice what was decided beforehand, and important alterations occur in the course of production.


(B) If a producer and a group of actors are interested in the scheme, the director or the scriptwriter rewrites the text in order to give a full list of shots, described in their order, with stage directions and technical terms clearly marked; this is the scenario.


(C) The film director’s first job is to write a short account of the subject and to present it for a producer. This simple, untechnical plan is called a treatment. Movie director Jean Renoir and his scriptwriter wrote several unused treatments for La Grande Illusion. One of them is easy to get hold of; it is quite different from the final film.


① (A) – (C) – (B)       ② (B) – (A) – (C)      
③ (B) – (C) – (A)       ④ (C) – (A) – (B)              
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)