한영2-1 중간 4주차 진단고사
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
한영2 4주차 진단고사
1. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Identity Theory views a person as situated in a larger social context and variable over time and space. Accordingly, the definitions of individuals in binary terms (e.g., extroverted-introverted etc.) are overgeneralized since their traits can vary in contradictory ways and even within a single individual. Further, identity theory recognizes the investment of a person in pursuing a community of the imagination, a desired community that offers possibilities for an enhanced range of identity options in the future. By looking at the language learning process through the lenses of identity theory, we turn the old model upside down. Language learning rarely is a matter of “second culture learning,” since that term implies not only a monolithic community, which does not exist, but also that every learner identifies with a target culture in the same way. We should be reminded of the view of language as utterances in which speakers, in dialogue with others, struggle to create meanings. This view is not one of language learning as a linear path from “point A to point B” on a map, but rather a multidimensional, individualized, and sometimes meandering journey that may never have an “end point”.
① Identity Theory suggests that personal traits are fixed and unchangeable over time.
② The process of language learning is a straightforward journey from beginner to fluent speaker.
③ Language learning, influenced by Identity Theory, is a complex, individualized process not confined to acquiring a second culture.
④ Traditional binary definitions of personality are adequate for understanding individual identities.
⑤ The main goal of language learning is to identify with a target culture in a uniform way.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 3개 고르시오.
The manner in which an idea or assertion is stated affects the way we conceptualize the idea. If language is intelligence, then our intellect is framed, shaped, and organized in large part by linguistic entities. On the other hand, many ideas, issues, inventions, and discoveries create the need for new language, as annual revisions of standard dictionaries show. Can we tease this interaction apart?
Words shape our lives. Lakoff’s poignant book on framing reminds us of the importance of language and verbal labels in molding the way people think. The advertising world is a prime example of the use of language to influence, persuade, and dissuade. Isn’t it odd that in a grocery store there are no “small” or even “medium” eggs, only “large” (which now seem sort of average), “extra large,” and maybe “jumbo”?
Euphemisms abound in every culture. Garbage collectors are “sanitary engineers”; toilets are “rest rooms”; slums are “substandard dwellings.” And when it comes to reporting on military conflicts, deaths are referred to as “collateral damage,” and commando SWAT teams are called “peace-keeping forces.” Politicians have recently decided that the phrase “tax cuts” does not garner nearly as much sympathy as the phrase “tax relief.”
Lexical items may reflect something about the intersection of culture and cognition. The verbal labeling of color, for example, affects the way a cultural group perceives colors. Zuni has one term for yellow and orange, suggesting that Zuni children conceptualize these two colors as one.
① The passage implies that our understanding and organization of knowledge are significantly influenced by the structure and choice of language.
② According to the text, dictionaries are updated yearly to exclusively include new terms that arise from the development of technological advancements.
③ George Lakoff’s work is highlighted as a key reference in understanding how strategic language use in advertising can shape consumer perceptions and decisions.
④ The passage suggests that euphemisms are used only in English-speaking cultures to soften the impact of certain terms or phrases.
⑤ It is indicated that the Zuni language uses a single term to describe both the colors yellow and orange, which may influence how speakers of Zuni distinguish these colors.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
3. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
Identity may refer to how people understand their relationship to the world, how that relationship is constructed across time and space, and how people understand their possibilities for the future. The revolutionary change in defining and understanding language learning centers on the concept of identity. Foreign language learners are not exempt from the construction of identity. Claire Kramsch argues against the notion that language learning has little effect on identity. Citing some learners’ subjective accounts of their learning experiences, she linked emotion to the manner in which learners construct their social realities. Blackledge and Creese further expanded our knowledge of identity in multilingual students by demonstrating the importance of the development of hybrid identities in learning other languages. James Lantolf explained that the distinguishing concept of language learning is that forms of human mental activity are mediated. We use symbolic tools to mediate and regulate our relationships with others and with ourselves. Language is, of course, the primary symbolic tool through which we construct our identity.
① Identity is defined solely by an individual’s present circumstances, excluding their past experiences and future aspirations.
② The revolutionary change in language learning emphasizes the negligible impact of identity on the process.
③ Claire Kramsch has provided evidence that learning a language can significantly influence one’s identity through emotional connections to one’s social realities.
④ According to Blackledge and Creese, the development of singular, unchanging identities is crucial for multilingual students’ language acquisition.
⑤ James Lantolf suggests that language serves as a secondary or auxiliary symbolic tool in the construction of our identities.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
4. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 2개 고르시오.
The evolutionary process works on the genetic variation that is available. It follows that natural selection is unlikely to lead to the evolution of perfect, ‘maximally fit’ individuals. Rather, organisms come to match their environments by being ‘the fittest available’ or ‘the fittest yet’: they are not ‘the best imaginable’. Part of the lack of fit arises because the present properties of an organism have not all originated in an environment similar in every respect to the one in which it now lives. Over the course of its evolutionary history, an organism’s remote ancestors may have evolved a set of characteristics ― evolutionary ‘baggage’ ― that subsequently constrain future evolution. For many millions of years, the evolution of vertebrates has been limited to what can be achieved by organisms with a vertebral column. Moreover, much of what we now see as precise matches between an organism and its environment may equally be seen as constraints: koala bears live successfully on Eucalyptus foliage, but, from another perspective, koala bears cannot live without Eucalyptus foliage.
① Natural selection always results in organisms evolving into the utmost perfect and maximally fit versions that could possibly exist.
② Organisms are considered the fittest because they possess the absolute best characteristics imaginable for survival in their environment.
③ The current traits of an organism may not be perfectly suited to its environment because these traits were not all developed in conditions identical to its current habitat.
④ Evolutionary ‘baggage’ from an organism’s distant ancestors does not restrict the future evolutionary possibilities of that organism.
⑤ Koala bears have adapted to live exclusively on Eucalyptus foliage, which suggests they have no other dietary options.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
5. Which of the following understanding for ⓐ-ⓔ is NOT correct?
So, now that we know where this perception originated let’s look at why it’s starting to shift with the younger generations.
Millennials are on track to have the highest college attainment rate of any generation. The millennial generation encompasses those born between 1981 and 1996. So, while older millennials followed a more traditional trajectory toward higher education, the youngest millennials are landing more in line with Gen Z when it comes to choices about higher education. It’s not that the desire for higher education is waning; instead, the attitude about where that education needs to be attained is shifting. More people are asking themselves if their post-high school education needs to come from a traditional degree-granting institution or can be pursued elsewhere.
It used to be that the only clear path to a professional future was secondary education at a college, university, or — to a lesser degree — a community college if a student lacked the means for other options. However, it’s no longer necessary to attain a four-year degree to acquire highly-prized positions in many of today’s most desirable fields. More and more companies are offering corporate-sponsored certificate programs. These programs create a funnel directly into their ranks. For example, Google offers many certificate programs, and they have committed to treating certificates as the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree. Other major employers, such as Microsoft and Amazon, also offer certification programs, many of which can be completed in a matter of months. ⓐCompanies are relying less and less on institutional knowledge where ⓑwork experience or alternative secondary education will serve their needs. Even more are leaning on internal education, ⓒchoosing to find applicants with an aptitude for the field of work, and ⓓchoosing on-the-job training over professional degrees. These individuals represent a larger hiring pool, not to mention a more ⓔproprietary workforce. With shorter, more focused educational opportunities available, students are finding it easier personally and financially to seek alternative options. Enrollment in short-term certificate or other credential courses increased by 70% during the pandemic.
① ⓐ: firms are decreasing their reliance on traditional academic achievements
② ⓑ: companies value real-world experience or non-traditional education paths
③ ⓒ: companies prefer hiring individuals who are naturally inclined or skilled in the relevant job area
④ ⓓ: companies are shifting towards training employees themselves rather than requiring formal degrees
⑤ ⓔ: this refers to a workforce that is more easily trained for the common roles that can be found in any industries.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
6. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
For the past six decades, the percentage of young adults with a college degree has steadily risen. In the early 70s, approximately 17.6% of 29-year-olds had a bachelor’s degree or higher; in the past decade, that number has hovered around 35.3%. So, why has higher education been so important to previous generations? There are many reasons, but let’s start with the most common.
The need for a college education was a foregone conclusion for previous generations. It was a commonly held belief that if you could go to college, you should. The doors to a college or university education were considered _______________. When the opportunity presented itself, most people agreed it should be taken.
Government initiatives expanded higher education’s reach to individuals who may not have previously considered it a possibility. For example, the GI Bill made it possible for returning soldiers to become the first college graduates in their families. This tradition stuck even as times changed, and aging generations sought to continue offering educational opportunities to their children that had once been denied to them.
① synonymous with pathways to prosperous and independent livelihoods
② the only means to a well-rounded and culturally enriched life
③ barriers to entry for economically advantaged groups
④ a series of hurdles that only the privileged could overcome
⑤ an outdated concept that no longer holds relevance in the modern worldCorrectIncorrect -
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Some myths and misconceptions about language and thought have crept into our folklore. In considering color terminology across cultures, it is tempting to conclude that a language that does not have, say, a specific color name for “light sea green” predisposes its speakers to lack the ability to perceive varying shades of blue-green. This is not so, as research very clearly shows.
Does language merely reflect a cultural worldview and the way its speakers think, or does language actually shape cognition and affect? The answer, according to Boroditsky, is both. The most famous early proponent of language as the “shaper of ideas” was Benjamin Whorf, who made a strong claim for what has come to be called linguistic determinism: “_________________________.” In more recent years, cultural psychologists have presented compelling evidence of Whorf’s views with evidence around the world, but they also readily concede the implausibility of a simple unidirectional influence.
① The grammar of each language serves as a mere *conduit for expressing preexisting thoughts and ideas.
② Each language’s grammar not only transmits thoughts but also molds them, guiding the thinker’s mental processes.
③ Linguistic structures are irrelevant to the cognitive development of individual speakers.
④ The complexity of a language’s grammar has no significant impact on its speakers’ intellectual capabilities.
⑤ Language functions independently of cultural influences and individual cognitive processes.*conduit: 전달자
CorrectIncorrect -
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
8. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 ‘없는’ 것은?
Furthermore, members of Gen Z also seem to evaluate institutions from a different perspective, researching not just an organization’s prestige but also its values and initiatives. Gen Z is the most diverse generation in history. Initiatives addressing inclusion, diversity, and social justice are important to many Gen Z students, and they want to see that diversity reflected in the institutions they choose to support.
Many institutions understand and continue to emphasize the need to meet their students’ mental health needs, but budgets haven’t reflected this shift in policy. With increasing pressure on colleges and universities to do more with less, it’s a balancing act to find, educate, and graduate well-rounded students who are primed for success. Choosing which initiatives receive the bulk of dwindling financial resources is also challenging.
As culture becomes more and more aware of students’ learning requirements and how to reach them ‘where they are,’ the tools used by higher education institutions must adapt to understand this new demographic. Gen Z increasingly wants to see educational approaches that reflect different learning styles and value faculty who are willing to accommodate diverse student needs.
① Gen Z students look for institutions that align with their values.
② The most significant concern for Gen Z students when choosing institutions is the diversity they offer.
③ Mental health support is recognized as necessary by educational institutions.
④ Financial constraints affect how institutions allocate resources for various initiatives.
⑤ Gen Z prefers educational methods that accommodate various learning styles.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
9. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 ‘없는’ 것은?
The human brain is wired to look for threats ― a trait that kept us alive when we were living on the savannas but that can prevent happiness in our modern lives. This is so-called “negativity bias” can keep you focused on what’s going wrong (which explains why complaining is such a popular pastime). To break out of this neutral rut, train yourself to acknowledge when things go right. If you keep a calender or a journal, make a point to write down what went well. If you’re more of a verbal processor, start your conversations with friends by sharing a recent win (anything that gives you that yesssss feeling). Where the mind goes, reality follows. The more you appreciate life, the more reasons you have to celebrate it.
① The human brain has evolved to prioritize the detection of potential dangers.
② Our ancestors’ survival on the savannas was aided by their ability to perceive threats.
③ Complaining is a common activity because people tend to focus on negative aspects.
④ Keeping a journal of positive events is a method recommended to overcome negativity bias.
⑤ Modern life is devoid of threats, making the negativity bias completely obsolete.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
10. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 ‘않은’ 것은?
Lera Boroditsky offered an even more vivid description of language and thought among the Kuuk Thaayorre, an Aboriginal community in Australia: Instead of words like “right,” “left,” “forward,” and “back,” which, as commonly used in English, define space relative to an observer, the Kuuk Thaayorre, like many other Aboriginal groups, use cardinal-direction terms—north, south, east, and west—to define space. This is done at ①all levels, which means you have to say things like “There’s an ant on your southeast leg” or “Move the cup to the north northwest a little bit.” One obvious ②cause of speaking such a language is that you have to stay oriented at all times, or else you cannot speak properly. The ③usual greeting in Kuuk Thaayorre is “Where are you going?” and the answer should be something like “South-southeast, in the middle distance.” If you don’t know which way you’re facing, you can’t even get past “Hello.” Beyond words, the way a sentence is structured can ④impact nuances of meaning. Loftus discovered that subtle differences in the structure of questions can ⑤influence memory. For example, after viewing a film of an automobile accident, subjects were asked questions like “Did you see the broken headlight?” in some cases and in other cases, “Did you see a broken headlight?” Questions using the tended to produce more false recognition of events. The presence of the definite article led subjects to believe that there must have been a broken headlight whether they saw it or not.
CorrectIncorrect