한영2-1 기말 1주차 진단고사
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Question 1 of 3
1. Question
1. 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오.
At some point, you’ve probably heard that if you drop a frog in a pot of scalding hot water, it will immediately leap out. But if you drop the frog in lukewarm water and gradually raise the temperature, the frog will die. It lacks the ability to rethink the situation, and doesn’t realize the threat until it’s too late. I did some research on this popular story recently and discovered a wrinkle: it isn’t true. Tossed into the scalding pot, the frog will get burned badly and may or may not escape. The frog is actually better off in the slow-boiling pot: it will leap out as soon as the water starts to get uncomfortably warm. It’s not the frogs who fail to reevalutate. It’s us. Once we hear the story and accept it as true, we rarely bother to question it.
Most of us take pride in our knowledge and expertise, and in staying true to our beliefs and opinions. That makes sense in a stable world, where we get rewarded for having conviction in our ideas. The problem is that we live in a rapidly changing world, where we need to spend as much time rethinking as we do thinking. Rethinking is a skill set, but it’s also a mindset. We already have many of the mental tools we need. We just have to get them out of the shed and remove the rust.① The frog’s actual reaction to gradual increases in temperature demonstrates a greater rethinking ability than previously believed.
② Humans generally exhibit a strong inclination to reevaluate commonly accepted stories and beliefs when presented with new information.
③ The ability to rethink and adapt to new circumstances is more important in a world that remains constant and predictable.
⑤ The story of the frog and the boiling water serves as an accurate metaphor for human behavior in the face of gradual threats.
④ Most people do not possess the mental tools necessary for rethinking and must develop these from scratch.CorrectIncorrect -
Question 2 of 3
2. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
When people reflect on what it takes to be mentally fit, the first idea that comes to mind is usually intelligence. The smarter you are, the more complex the problems you can solve- and the faster you can solve them. Intelligence is traditionally viewed as the ability to think and learn. Yet in a turbulent world, there’s another set of cognitive skills that might matter more: the ability to rethink and unlearn, but we hesitate at the very idea of rethinking.
Rethinking isn’t a struggle in every part of our lives. When it comes to our possessions, we update with fervor. We refresh our wardrobes when they go out of style and renovate our kitchens when they’re no longer in vogue. When it comes to our knowledge and opinions, though, we tend to stick to our guns. Psychologists call this seizing and freezing. We favor the comfort of conviction over the discomfort of doubt, and we let our beliefs get brittle long before our bones. We laugh at people who still use Windows 95, yet we still cling to opinions that we formed in 1995. We listen to views that make us feel good, instead of ideas that make us think hard.
① Intelligence is often equated with the capacity to resolve intricate problems efficiently.
② The concept of mental fitness traditionally emphasizes the ability to rethink.
③ People generally find it easier to update their material possessions than to revise their long-held beliefs and opinions.
④ The reluctance to rethink established views can lead to holding outdated beliefs even as technology and fashion evolve.
⑤ Individuals often prefer affirming information that supports their existing views over engaging with challenging new ideas.
CorrectIncorrect -
Question 3 of 3
3. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
Rethinking often unfolds in a cycle. It starts with intellectual humility- knowing what we don’t know. We should all be able to make a long list of areas where we’re ignorant. Recognizing our shortcomings opens the door to doubt. As we question our current understanding, we become curious about what information we’re missing. That search leads us to new discoveries, which in turn maintain our humility by reinforcing how much we still have to learn. If knowledge is power, knowing what we don’t know is wisdom.
Scientific thinking favors humility over pride, doubt over certainty, curiosity over closure. When we shift out of scientist mode, the rethinking cycle breaks down, giving way to an overconfidence cycle. If we’re preaching, we can’t see gaps in our knowledge: we believe we’ve already found the truth. Pride breeds conviction rather than doubt, which makes us prosecutors: we might be laser-focused on changing other people’s minds, but ours is set in stone. That launches us into confirmation bias and desirability bias. We become politicians, ignoring or dismissing whatever doesn’t win the favor of our constituents- our parents, our bosses, or the high school classmates we’re still trying to impress. We become so busy putting on a show that the truth gets relegated to a backstage seat, and the resulting validation can make us arrogant. We fall victim to the fat-cat syndrome, resting on our laurels instead of pressure-testing our beliefs.
Our conviction can lock us in prisons of our own making. The solution is not to decelerate our thinking- it’s to accelerate our rethinking. That’s what resurrected Apple from the brink of bankruptcy to become the world’s most valuable company. The curse of knowledge is that it closes our minds to what we don’t know. Good judgment depends on having the skill-and the will-to open our minds. I’m pretty confident that in life, rethinking is an increasingly important habit. Of course, I might be wrong. If I am, I’ll be quick to think again.
① The cycle of rethinking involves a continuous process of questioning and learning, which sustains a state of intellectual humility.
② Embracing our ignorance and recognizing our knowledge gaps are crucial steps in fostering a mindset conducive to scientific thinking.
③ The overconfidence cycle is characterized by a rigid mindset that prevents the adoption of new information, leading to a stagnation of personal growth.
④ Shifting out of a scientific mindset into a state of preaching or prosecuting can lead to biases that obscure the truth and hinder effective communication.
⑤ The passage suggests that the act of rethinking has been the only reason for significant corporate turnarounds, such as the resurgence of Apple.
*conducive: 도움이 되는
CorrectIncorrect