2023 한영 1-2 기말 영어 직보
필독
(다음의 행위는 비정상적 응시로 간주하여 영구 차단/퇴원 조치되며,
저작권법 위반에 대한 법적 책임을 지게 될 수 있습니다.)
- 시험을 응시하는데 걸린 시간은 데이터베이스에 기록됩니다. 비정상적인 응시 행위(ex: 1분만에 모든 문제를 다 푸는 것 등)는, 문제 및 정답을 공유하려는 시도로 간주됩니다.
- 여러분의 모든 응시 내역은 데이터베이스에 기록됩니다. 정답을 아무렇게나 입력하여 점수가 턱없이 낮게 나오는 경우, 문제 및 정답을 공유하려는 시도로 간주됩니다.
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필독
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★[주의!!!] 브라우저 창을 끄면 본인이 푼 정답을 다시 볼 수 없습니다★
※ 주관식 대비 철자연습
풍자: satire
위선: hypocrisy
부패: corruption
정통의: orthodox
부조리, 불합리(복수): absurdities
순교자: martyr
격론의: polemical
예가되다: exemplify
사이비 : heresy
말투: parlance
자세히 설명하다(과거시제): expounded
감시: surveillance
판옵티콘: panopticon
의존: dependence
선언: Manifesto
왜곡, 변태: perversion
정복하다, 복종시키다: subjugate
부르주아계층: the bourgeoisie
횡포한, 거만한 : overbearing
억압 : stifling
디스토피아 : dystopia
분야: discipline
순진함: neivete
독재: tyranny
(공개적으로) 비방[중상]하다: malign
자릿수: order of magnitude
면밀히 조사[검토]하다: scrutinize
규정, 조항: stipulation
완성 인도 방식의, 즉시 사용할 수 있게 되는, 즉각적으로 발동되는: turnkey
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Question 1 of 44
1. Question
1. 다음은 소설 Joy Luck Club에서 발췌한 문장들이다. 밑줄 친 부분 중 영화 Joy Luck Club과 내용이 다른 것을 모두 고르시오.
① The minute our train leaves the Hong Kong border and enters Shenzhen, China, I feel different.
② We are first going to Guangzhou, my seventy-two-year-old father, Canning Woo, and I, where we will visit his aunt, whom he has not seen since he was ten years old.
③ I have looked these names up, because after we see my father’s aunt in Guangzhou, we will catch a plane to Shanghai, where I will meet my two half-sisters for the first time.
④ She[Auntie Lindo] sat down for an hour, and when she stood up she handed me a two-page letter. She had tears in her eyes. I realized that the very thing I had feared, she had done. So even if she had written the news of my mother’s death in English, I wouldn’t have had the heart to read it.
⑤ She did not remember how far she walked, which direction she went, when she fainted, or how she was found. When she awoke, she was in the back of a bouncing truck with several other sick people, all moaning.
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Question 2 of 44
2. Question
Last Easter before the farewell party, June received the news from the Club that the long-lost twins were alive. When June could not understand the twins’ letter written in Chinese, Lindo intentionally mistranslated the letter to make June believe that the twins knew about Suyuan’s death and their long-lost half-sister June. When the farewell party ends, Lindo confesses that ①she wrote letters to the twins and then signed Suyuan’s name. ②June begs Lindo to tell them the truth, but ③Lindo will not interfere further because the twin sisters still believe Suyuan is alive and that June must tell them herself. When she arrives in China to meet her sisters, ④June tells them the truth about Suyuan, and embraces them. ⑤In finally accepting her Chinese culture, June is able to make peace with her deceased mother.
2. 윗글은 영화 Joy Luck Club 줄거리의 일부이다. 밑줄 친 부분 중 소설 Joy Luck Club과 다른 것을 2개 고르시오.
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Question 3 of 44
3. Question
The minute our train leaves the Hong Kong border and enters Shenzhen, China, I feel different. I can feel the skin on my forehead tingling, my blood rushing through a new course, my bones aching with a familiar old pain. And I think, My mother was right. I am becoming Chinese.
“Cannot be helped,” my mother said when I was fifteen and had vigorously denied that I had any Chinese whatsoever below my skin. I was a sophomore at Galileo High in San Francisco, and all my Caucasian friends agreed: I was about as Chinese as they were. But my mother had studied at a famous nursing school in Shanghai, and she said she knew all about genetics. So there was no doubt in her mind, whether I agreed or not: Once you are born Chinese, you cannot help but feel and think Chinese.
“Someday you will see,” said my mother. “It is in your blood, waiting to be let go.”
And when she said this, I saw myself transforming like a werewolf, a mutant tag of DNA suddenly triggered, replicating itself insidiously into a syndrome, a cluster of telltale Chinese behaviors, all those things my mother did to embarrass me—haggling with store owners, pecking her mouth with a toothpick in public, being color-blind to the fact that lemon yellow and pale pink are not good combinations for winter clothes.
But today I realize I’ve never really known what it means to be Chinese. I am thirty-six years old. My mother is dead and I am on a train, carrying with me her dreams of coming home. I am going to China.3. 윗글에 대한 이해로 적절한 것을 2개 고르시오.
① The narrator’s mother told her that she couldn’t help her to become Chinese.
② The narrator is on a journey to China, reflecting on her mother’s belief in the inevitable influence of her Chinese genetics on her identity.
③ When the narrator was a sophomore at Galileo High, all her white friends agreed that they and the narrator were all Chinese.
④ The narrator is not realizing that becoming Chinese doesn’t mean doing the embarrassing things that her mother did.
⑤ The narrator’s journey to China is an escape from her past and an attempt to adopt a new identity. -
Question 4 of 44
4. Question
[4~6]
And it was only this year that someone found them and wrote with this joyful news. A letter came from Shanghai, addressed to my mother. When I first heard about this, that they were alive, I imagined my identical sisters transforming from little babies into six-year-old girls. In my mind, they were seated next to each other at a table, taking turns with the fountain pen. One would write a neat row of characters: Dearest ⓐMama. We are alive. She would brush back her wispy bangs and hand the other sister the pen, and she would write: Come get us. Please hurry.
Of course they could not know that my mother had died three months before, suddenly, when a blood vessel in her brain burst. One minute she was talking to my father, complaining about the tenants upstairs, scheming how to evict them under the pretense that relatives from China were moving in. The next minute she was holding her head, her eyes squeezed shut, groping for the sofa, and then crumpling softly to the floor with fluttering hands.
So my father had been the first one to open the letter, a long letter it turned out. And they did call ⓑher Mama. They said they always revered her as ⓒtheir true mother. They kept a framed picture of her. They told her about their life, from the time my mother last saw them on the road leaving Kweilin to when they were finally found.
And the letter had broken my father’s heart so much—these daughters calling my mother from another life he never knew—that he gave the letter to my mother’s old friend Auntie Lindo and asked ⓓher to write back and tell my sisters, in the gentlest way possible, that my mother was dead.
But instead Auntie Lindo took the letter to the Joy Luck Club and discussed with Auntie Ying and Auntie An-mei what should be done, because they had known for many years about my mother’s search for her twin daughters, her endless hope. Auntie Lindo and the others cried over (A)this double tragedy, of losing my mother three months before, and now again. And so they couldn’t help but think of some miracle, some possible way of reviving ⓔher from the dead, so my mother could fulfill her dream.
4. ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 지칭하는 대상이 다른 것은?
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ -
Question 5 of 44
5. Question
5. 윗글에 대한 이해로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① The passage describes the narrator’s journey to reunite with her long-lost sisters, who have been sending her letters since they were six.
② This excerpt reflects the narrator’s regret and sorrow over her mother’s death, who had passed away when her long-lost daughters were found.
③ In the letter the narrator received from her half-sisters are written “Dearest Mama. We are alive” and “Come get us. Please hurry.”
④ The narrator’s father asked Lindo to write a reply letter because he didn’t know Chinese.
⑤ Auntie Lindo and the other The Joy Luck Club members were so sad that they couln’t think of some miracle that the narrator’s mother would be revived and fulfill her dream. -
Question 6 of 44
6. Question
6. (A)가 의미하는 것 2가지를 각각 20자 이내의 우리말로 서술하시오.
1)
2)-
This response will be awarded full points automatically, but it can be reviewed and adjusted after submission.
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Question 7 of 44
7. Question
[7~8]
ⓐIt wasn’t until all this had been done that they first told me about my sisters, the letter they received, the one they wrote back.
“They’ll think she’s coming, then,” I murmured. And I had imagined my sisters now being ten or eleven, jumping up and down, holding hands, their pigtails bouncing, ⓑexcited that their mother—their mother—was coming, whereas my mother was dead.
“How can you say she is not coming in a letter?” said Auntie Lindo. “She is their mother. She is your mother. You must be the one to tell them. All these years, they have been dreaming of her.” And I thought she was right.
But then I started dreaming, too, of my mother and my sisters and how it would be if I arrived in Shanghai. ⓒAll these years, while they waited to be found, I had lived with my mother and then had lost her. I imagined seeing my sisters at the airport. They would be standing on their tiptoes, looking anxiously, scanning from one dark head to another as we got off the plane. And I would recognize them instantly, their faces with ⓓthe identical worried look.
“Jyejye, Jyejye. Sister, Sister. We are here,” I saw myself saying in my poor version of Chinese.
(…)
“Hate you? Cannot be.” She was scowling. “You are their own sister, their only family.”
“You don’t understand,” I protested.
“What I don’t understand?” she said.
And I whispered, ⓔ“They’ll think I’m responsible, that she died because I didn’t appreciate her.”
And Auntie Lindo looked satisfied and sad at the same time, as if this were true and I had finally realized it. She sat down for an hour, and when she stood up she handed me a two-page letter. She had tears in her eyes. I realized that the very thing I had feared, she had done. So even if she had written the news of my mother’s death in English, I wouldn’t have had the heart to read it.
“Thank you,” I whispered.
7. 윗글에 대한 이해로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
① The narrator feels guilty about her mother’s death, believing that her lack of appreciation caused it.
② The passage illustrates the protagonist’s excitement about meeting her sisters in Shanghai.
③ This excerpt shows Auntie Lindo’s indifference to the protagonist’s feelings about her mother.
④ The narrator is confident that her sisters will understand the situation regarding their mother.
⑤ The passage focuses on the narrator’s reluctance to accept her mother’s cultural heritage. -
Question 8 of 44
8. Question
8. 다음 중 밑줄 친 부분에 대한 설명으로 잘못된 것을 2개 고르시오.
① ⓐ : Only after the Joy Luck Club members wrote a letter pretending the narrator’s mother was alive, did they tell the narrator what they did.
② ⓑ : This *juxtaposition of “their mother” and “my mother” suggests that the narrator feels a distance from her half-sisters.
③ ⓒ : The narrator felt a little guilty because even though she had lived with her mother, she couldn’t take good care of her mother.
④ ⓓ : The twin sisters were worried that they might not see the narrator.
⑤ ⓔ : The narrator’s half-sisters had *grudge on her because she was responsible for her death.
*juxtaposition: 병치, 나란히 놓음 *grudge: 원한, 유감 -
Question 9 of 44
9. Question
They clasp each other’s hands—they do not hug—and hold on like this, taking turns saying, “Look at you! You are so old. Look how old you’ve become!” They are both crying openly, laughing at the same time, and I bite my lip, trying not to cry. I’m afraid to feel their joy. Because I am thinking how different our arrival in Shanghai will be tomorrow, how awkward it will feel.
Now Aiyi beams and points to a Polaroid picture of my father. My father had wisely sent pictures when he wrote and said we were coming. See how smart she was, she seems to intone as she compares the picture to my father. In the letter, my father had said we would call her from the hotel once we arrived, so this is a surprise, that they’ve come to meet us. I wonder if my sisters will be at the airport.
It is only then that I remember the camera. I had meant to take a picture of my father and his aunt the moment they met. It’s not too late.
“Here, stand together over here,” I say, holding up the Polaroid. The camera flashes and I hand them the snapshot. Aiyi and my father still stand close together, each of them holding a corner of the picture, watching as their images begin to form. They are almost reverentially quiet.
9. 윗글에 대한 이해로 적절한 것을 2개 고르시오.
① The narrator’s father and her great-aunt do not hug because they are not really glad to see each other. 박근형T: do not hug=미국 관습
② This excerpt shows the narrator’s father and his aunt meeting for the first time in years, marked by a deep emotional connection.
③ The narrator is worried about her reunion with her half-sisters because unlike her father’s, her reunion would be awkward because they had never met or known each other before.
④ The narrator and her father finally meet her great-aunt at the train station as they planned to.
⑤ The narrator’s father took a picture of her and her great-aunt. -
Question 10 of 44
10. Question
And now I am holding my breath as the taxi driver dodges between trucks and buses, honking his horn constantly. We seem to be on some sort of long freeway overpass, like a bridge above the city. I can see row after row of apartments, each floor cluttered with laundry hanging out to dry on the balcony. We pass a public bus, with people jammed in so tight their faces are nearly wedged against the window. Then I see the skyline of what must be downtown Guangzhou. From a distance, it looks like a major American city, with highrises and construction going on everywhere. As we slow down in the more congested part of the city, I see scores of little shops, dark inside, lined with counters and shelves. And then there is a building, its front laced with scaffolding made of bamboo poles held together with plastic strips. Men and women are standing on narrow platforms, scraping the sides, working without safety straps or helmets. Oh, would OSHA have a field day here, I think.
…
The taxi stops and I assume we’ve arrived, but then I peer out at what looks like a grander version of the Hyatt Regency. “This is communist China?” I wonder out loud. And then I shake my head toward my father. “This must be the wrong hotel.” I quickly pull out our itinerary, travel tickets, and reservations. I had explicitly instructed my travel agent to choose something inexpensive, in the thirty-to-forty-dollar range. I’m sure of this. And there it says on our itinerary: Garden Hotel, Huanshi Dong Lu. Well, our travel agent had better be prepared to eat the extra, that’s all I have to say.
The hotel is magnificent. A bellboy complete with uniform and sharp-creased cap jumps forward and begins to carry our bags into the lobby. Inside, the hotel looks like an orgy of shopping arcades and restaurants all encased in granite and glass. And rather than be impressed, I am worried about the expense, as well as the appearance it must give Aiyi, that we rich Americans cannot be without our luxuries even for one night.
But when I step up to the reservation desk, ready to haggle over this booking mistake, it is confirmed. Our rooms are prepaid, thirty-four dollars each. I feel sheepish, and Aiyi and the others seem delighted by our temporary surroundings. Lili is looking wide-eyed at an arcade filled with video games.
Our whole family crowds into one elevator, and the bellboy waves, saying he will meet us on the eighteenth floor. As soon as the elevator door shuts, everybody becomes very quiet, and when the door finally opens again, everybody talks at once in what sounds like relieved voices. I have the feeling Aiyi and the others have never been on such a long elevator ride.
10. 윗글에 대한 이해로 잘못된 것을 2개 고르시오.
① The narrator is initially worried about the apparent luxury and expense of the hotel in Guangzhou.
② The passage highlights the narrator’s misconceptions about China, expecting it to be less developed.
③ The narrator’s travel agent booked a more expensive hotel than she requested, causing her concern.
④ The description of the city and the hotel showcases the rapid modernization and economic growth in China.
⑤ The passage reflects the narrator’s excitement and eagerness to embrace the luxurious lifestyle in China. -
Question 11 of 44
11. Question
“How could she give up those babies!” sighs Aiyi. “Twin girls. We have never had such luck in our family.” And then she yawns again.
“What were they named?” she asks. I listen carefully. I had been planning on using just the familiar “Sister” to address them both. But now I want to know how to pronounce their names.
“They have their father’s surname, Wang,” says my father. “And their given names are Chwun Yu and Chwun Hwa.”
“What do the names mean?” I ask.
“Ah.” My father draws imaginary characters on the window. “One means ‘Spring Rain,’ the other ‘Spring Flower,’ ” he explains in English, “because they born in the spring, and of course rain come before flower, same order these girls are born. Your mother like a poet, don’t you think?”
I nod my head. I see Aiyi nod her head forward, too. But it falls forward and stays there. She is breathing deeply, noisily. She is asleep.
“And what does Ma’s name mean?” I whisper.
” ‘Suyuan,’ ” he says, writing more invisible characters on the glass. “The way she write it in Chinese, it mean ‘Long-Cherished Wish.’ Quite a fancy name, not so ordinary like flower name. See this first character, it mean something like ‘Forever Never Forgotten.’ But there is another way to write ‘Suyuan.’ Sound exactly the same, but the meaning is opposite.” His finger creates the brushstrokes of another character. “The first part look the same: ‘Never Forgotten.’ But the last part add to first part make the whole word mean ‘Long-Held Grudge.’ Your mother get angry with me, I tell her her name should be Grudge.”
My father is looking at me, moist-eyed. “See, I pretty clever, too, hah?”
I nod, wishing I could find some way to comfort him. “And what about my name,” I ask, “what does ‘Jing-mei’ mean?”
“Your name also special,” he says. I wonder if any name in Chinese is not something special. “‘Jing’ like excellent jing. Not just good, it’s something pure, essential, the best quality. Jing is good leftover stuff when you take impurities out of something like gold, or rice, or salt. So what is left—just pure essence. And ‘Mei,’ this is common mei, as in meimei, ‘younger sister.’ “
I think about this. My mother’s long-cherished wish. Me, the younger sister who was supposed to be the essence of the others. I feed myself with the old grief, wondering how disappointed my mother must have been. Tiny Aiyi stirs suddenly, her head rolls and then falls back, her mouth opens as if to answer my question. She grunts in her sleep, tucking her body more closely into the chair.
“So why did she abandon those babies on the road?” I need to know, because now I feel abandoned too.
“Long time I wondered this myself,” says my father. “But then I read that letter from her daughters in Shanghai now, and I talk to Auntie Lindo, all the others. And then I knew. No shame in what she done. None.”
“What happened?”
“Your mother running away—” begins my father.
“No, tell me in Chinese,” I interrupt. “Really, I can understand.”
He begins to talk, still standing at the window, looking into the night.
11. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① The narrator’s father is explaining the meanings of names by writing the Chinese characters on a piece of paper.
② The twins were given the surname of their mother, Wang, as mentioned by the narrator’s father during the conversation.
③ The father describes the meaning of the twins’ names as ‘Spring Rain’ and ‘Spring Flower’ because they were born in the spring season.
④ The name ‘Suyuan’ is described by the narrator’s father as meaning ‘Long-Cherished Wish’ and can also mean ‘Long-Held Grudge’ when pronounced differently.
⑤ The first character of Jing-mei’s name is explained to mean ‘younger sister’ and the second character to represent the pure essence of the best qualities, like the purity left in gold, or rice, or salt after removing impurities. -
Question 12 of 44
12. Question
Aiyi smiles at me as we wait for our gate to be called. She is so old. I put one arm around her and one arm around Lili. They are the same size, it seems. And then it’s time. As we wave good-bye one more time and enter the waiting area, I get the sense (A)I am going from one funeral to another. In my hand I’m clutching a pair of tickets to Shanghai. In two hours we’ll be there.
The plane takes off. I close my eyes. How can I describe to them in my broken Chinese about our mother’s life? Where should I begin?
12. 밑줄 친 (A)에서 one funeral과 another이 각각 의미하는 바를 20자 이내의 우리말로 서술하시오.
one funeral : ________________________
another : ________________________
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This response will be awarded full points automatically, but it can be reviewed and adjusted after submission.
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Question 13 of 44
13. Question
[13~14]
“Wake up, we’re here,” says my father. And I awake with my heart pounding in my throat. I look out the window and we’re already on the runway. It’s gray outside.
And now I’m walking down the steps of the plane, onto the tarmac and toward the building. If only, I think, if only my mother had lived long enough to be the one walking toward them. I am so nervous I cannot even feel my feet. I am just moving somehow.
ⓐSomebody shouts, “ⓑShe‘s arrived!” And then I see her. Her short hair. Her small body. And that same look on her face. She has the back of ⓒher hand pressed hard against her mouth. She is crying as though she had gone through a terrible ordeal and were happy it is over.
And I know it’s not my mother, yet it is the same look ⓓshe had when I was five and had disappeared all afternoon, for such a long time, that she was convinced I was dead. And when I miraculously appeared, sleepy-eyed, crawling from underneath my bed, she wept and laughed, biting the back of ⓔher hand to make sure it was true.And now I see her again, two of her, waving, and in one hand there is a photo, the Polaroid I sent them. As soon as I get beyond the gate, we run toward each other, all three of us embracing, all hesitations and expectations forgotten.
“Mama, Mama,” we all murmur, as if she is among us.
My sisters look at me, proudly. “Meimei jandale,” says one sister proudly to the other. “Little Sister has grown up.” I look at their faces again and I see no trace of my mother in them. Yet they still look familiar. And now I also see what part of me is Chinese. It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood. After all these years, it can finally be let go.
My sisters and I stand, arms around each other, laughing and wiping the tears from each other’s eyes. The flash of the Polaroid goes off and my father hands me the snapshot. My sisters and I watch quietly together, eager to see what develops.
The gray-green surface changes to the bright colors of our three images, sharpening and deepening all at once. And although we don’t speak, I know we all see it: Together we look like our mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise to see, at last, her long-cherished wish.13. ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 필자의 실제 어머니를 지칭하는 표현을 모두 고르시오.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ -
Question 14 of 44
14. Question
14. 윗글에서 필자가 쌍둥이 언니들을 만나기 전 심정을 나타내는 색깔을 찾아 쓰시오 (색깔 1개)
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Question 15 of 44
15. Question
15. 밑줄 친 부분 중, 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
Amy Tan was born in Oakland, California, in 1952. Both of her parents were recent Chinese immigrants who fled China’s Cultural Revolution in the late 1940s. Her Chinese name, ①An-Mei, means “blessing from America.” Her father was an electrical engineer (as well as a Baptist minister); her mother was a vocational nurse. When her father and brother both died of brain tumors, the 15-year-old Tan and her mother moved to Switzerland, where she attended high school. On their return to the United States, Tan attended Linfield College, a Baptist school in Oregon, but ②she eventually transferred to California State University at San Jose. At this time, Tan and her mother argued about her future as her mother strongly wanted to satisfy her old grudge of losing her family. ③She insisted her take premedical studies in preparation for becoming a neurosurgeon. For six months the two did not speak to one another. Tan worked for IBM writing computer manuals and also wrote free-lance business articles under a *pseudonym. In 1987, Tan and her mother visited China together. This experience, which is reflected in “A Pair of Tickets,” deepened Tan’s sense of her Chinese-American identity. “As soon as my feet touched China,” ④she wrote, “I became Chinese.” Soon after, Tan began writing her first novel, The Joy Luck Club (1989), which consists of 16 interrelated stories about a group of Chinese-American mothers and their daughters. Tan has remarked that she once tried to distance ⑤herself from her ethnicity, but writing her first novel helped her discover “how very Chinese I was.”
*pseudonym: 가명 -
Question 16 of 44
16. Question
16. 문맥상, 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 적절하지 않은 것은?
Fortunately, I happen to be ①resistant in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me. I became an English major my first year in college, after being ②registered as pre-med. I started writing nonfiction as a freelancer the week after I was told by my former boss that writing was my worst skill and I should ③enhance my talents toward account management. But it wasn’t until 1985 that I finally began to write fiction. And at first I wrote using what I thought to be wittily ④refined sentences, sentences that would finally prove I mastered the English language. Here’s an example from the first draft of a story that later made its way into The Joy Luck Club, but without this line: “That was my mental quandary in its nascent state.” A terrible line that can be simply translated as “I was ⑤fulfilled when I first started”, which I can barely pronounce.
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Question 17 of 44
17. Question
17. 다음 중, 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
So you’ll have some idea of what this family talk I heard sounds like, I’ll quote what my mother said during a recent conversation which I videotaped and then transcribed. During this conversation, my mother was talking about a political gangster in Shanghai who had the same last name as her family’s, Du, and how the gangster in his early years wanted to be adopted by her family, which was rich by comparison. Later, the gangster became more powerful, far richer than my mother’s family, and one day showed up at my mother’s wedding to pay his respects. Here’s what she said in part: “Du Yusong having business like fruit stand. Like off the street kind. He is Du like Du Zong – but not Tsung-ming Island people. The local people call putong, the river east side, he belong to that side local people. That man want to ask Du Zong father take him in like become own family. Du Zong father wasn’t look down on him, but didn’t take seriously, until that man big like become a mafia. Now important person, very hard to inviting him. Chinese way, came only to show respect, don’t stay for dinner. Respect for making big celebration, he shows up. Mean gives lots of respect. Chinese custom. Chinese social life that way. If too important won’t have to stay too long. He come to my wedding. I didn’t see, I heard it. I gone to boy’s side, they have YMCA dinner. Chinese age I was nineteen.”
① In Chinese custom, people celebrate wedding with giving lots of money.
② Du Zong father considered Du Yusong’s request seriously.
③ When married, the author’s mother was under her 20’s.
④ The Du family’s tool of trade was political gangster.
⑤ The author’s family name is Du. -
Question 18 of 44
18. Question
18. “Mother Tongue”에 대한 다음 감상문을 읽고, 문맥상 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.
Amy Tan’s short story, “Mother Tongue,” is a wonderful tale that addresses the substance of languages and how language is not only a tool of communication, but a sociological tool of measuring individual ① worth. I believe that there is a play on words with the title, “Mother Tongue.” It literally means one’s ② first language. If raised in Italy, it is Italian; in France, it is French. This is not to say that people of other countries do not learn English as well, but generally there is a language specific to the place where they were ③ born: this is their mother tongue. However, in Amy Tan’s story, I believe she is making a statement, with the title, about her mother’s form of English: her mother’s ④ native language. While it may be difficult for some people to understand it, it is part of who she is, and it does not reflect ⑤ negatively on her mother because it is “different.” She is just as special a person, despite what language she uses or how she uses it. -
Question 19 of 44
19. Question
19. [단답형] 다음 글에서, 아래 <보기>의 내용에 해당하는 부분(어구, 혹은 표현) 2개를 찾아 쓰시오.
My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. In this guise, I was forced to ask for information or even to complain and yell at people who had been rude to her. One time it was a call to her stockbroker in New York. She had cashed out her small portfolio and it just so happened we were going to go to New York the next week, our very first trip outside California. I had to get on the phone and say in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.” And my mother was standing in the back whispering loudly, “Why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money.” And then I said in perfect English, “Yes, I’m getting rather concerned. You had agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.“ Then she began to talk more loudly. “What he want, I come to New York tell him front of his boss, you cheating me?” And I was trying to calm her down, make her be quiet, while telling the stockbroker, “I can’t tolerate any more excuses. If I don’t receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I’m in New York next week.” And sure enough, the following week there we were in front of this astonished stockbroker, and I was sitting there red-faced and quiet, and my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting at his boss in her impeccable broken English.<보기>
An oxymoron is a word or group of words that is self-contradicting, which are often used in literature. It is similar to but distinct from the devices of paradox and antithesis. The roots of oxymoron – oxys, meaning “sharp” or “keen,” and moros, meaning “foolish” – are nearly antonyms themselves, making oxymoron nicely self-descriptive. Oxymoron originally applied to a meaningful paradox condensed into a couple of words, as in “precious bane,” “lonely crowd,” or “sweet sorrow.” Today, however, oxymoron can also refer to unintentional contradictions, like “a plastic glass.”[Notice]
1. <보기>에서 설명하고 있는 속성이 포함된 부분(어구 혹은 표현) 이어야 함.
2. Answer1과 Answer2 모두 작성해야 정답 인정.-
Answer1:
Answer2:
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Question 20 of 44
20. Question
20. [단답형2] 다음을 읽고, 문맥상 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 것으로 가장 적절한 단어 1개를 찾아 쓰시오.
Fortunately, for reasons I won’t get into today, I later decided I should envision a reader for the stories I would write. And the reader I decided upon was my mother, because these were stories about mothers. So with this reader in mind and in fact she did read my early drafts-I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of a better term might be described as “simple”; the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”; my translation of her Chinese, which could certainly be described as “watered down”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure. (A)I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts. Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: “So easy to read.“[Notice]
1. 밑줄 (A) 문장 속의 단어는 정답으로 인정하지 않음.
2. 영어단어 1개(띄어쓰기 없음)만 정답으로 인정함.-
Answer:
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Question 21 of 44
21. Question
We used a similar routine just five days ago, for a situation that was far less humorous. My mother had gone to the hospital for an appointment, to find out about a (A)[ benign / malignant ] brain tumor a CAT scan had revealed a month ago. She said she had spoken very good English, her best English, no mistakes. Still, she said, the hospital did not apologize when they said they had lost the CAT scan and she had come for (B)[ something / nothing ]. She said they did not seem to have any sympathy when she told them she was anxious to know the exact diagnosis, since her husband and son had both died of brain tumors. She said they would not give her any more information until the next time and she would have to make another appointment for that. So she said she would not leave until the doctor called her daughter. She wouldn’t budge. And when the doctor finally called her daughter, me, who spoke in perfect English – lo and behold – we had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on Monday would be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone through for a most (C)[ regrettable / trivial ] mistake.
21. 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 것끼리 짝지어진 것은?
(A) (B) (C)
① benign – something – trivial
② benign – nothing – regrettable
③ benign – nothing – trivial
④ malignant – something – trivial
⑤ malignant – nothing – regrettable -
Question 22 of 44
22. Question
Fortunately, I happen to be ①obedient in nature and enjoy the challenge of disproving assumptions made about me. I became an English major my first year in college, after being enrolled as pre-med. I started writing nonfiction as a freelancer the week after I was told by my former boss that writing was my worst skill and I should ②horn my talents toward account management.
But it wasn’t until 1985 that I finally began to write fiction. And at first I wrote using what I thought to be ③wittily crafted sentences, sentences that would finally prove I had ④mastery over the English language. Here’s an example from the first draft of a story that later made its way into The Joy Luck Club, but without this line: “That was my mental quandary in its nascent state.” A ⑤terrific line, which I can barely pronounce.22. 윗글에서 문맥상 어색한 것을 3개 고르시오.
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Question 23 of 44
23. Question
Fortunately, for reasons I won’t get into today, I later decided I should envision a reader for the stories I would write. And the reader I decided upon was my mother, because these were stories about mothers. So with this reader in mind – and in fact she did read my early drafts-I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English I spoke to my mother, which for lack of a better term might be described as “(A)______”; the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “(B)________”; my translation of her Chinese, which could certainly be described as “(C)__________”; and what I imagined to be her translation of her Chinese if she could speak in perfect English, her internal language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure. I wanted to capture what language ability tests can never reveal: her intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts. Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: “So easy to read.”
23. 빈칸에 들어갈 말을 보기에서 골라 쓰시오.
[보기] perfect, simple, complicated, watered down, neutral, broken simple, broken, watered down
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(A):
(B):
(C):
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Question 24 of 44
24. Question
[24-28]
(I) Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia in 1516. The work was written in Latin and it was published in Louvain (present-day Belgium). Utopia is a work of satire, indirectly criticizing Europe’s political corruption and religious ⓐ위선. More was a Catholic Humanist. Alongside his close friend, the philosopher and writer Erasmus, More saw Humanism as a way to combine faith and reason. In depicting Utopia, More steps outside the bounds of orthodox Catholicism, but More’s ultimate goal is to indicate areas of improvement for Christian society — Is an ideal state possible? At the very least, Utopia exposes the absurdities and evils of More’s society by depicting an alternative.
(II) A devout Catholic, More was beheaded as a(n) ⓑ순교자 in 1535, standing opposed to the principle of the Anglican Church and the King of England’s role as the head of the Church (replacing the Pope in Rome). In the 1530s, More wrote polemical tracts and essays attacking Lutheranism as ⓒ사이비. (A)_________, More’s Utopia implies that Utopians are better than some Christians. St. Augustine’s City of God established the theme of the earthly city of God, reiterating the image of New Jerusalem presented in the Biblical Book of Revelations. Utopia is a type of New Jerusalem, a perfect place on earth. The Puritan experiments of the 1600s (in Britain and in North America) ⓓ예시가 되다 the programming of Utopian New Jerusalem.
(III) More’s work has left a lasting impact on subsequent political thought and literature. The Greek word Utopia translates as “no place” or “nowhere,” but in modern parlance, a Utopia is a good place, an ideal place. The term “utopia” has gained more significance than More’s original work. Utopia has inspired a diverse group of political thinkers. The utilitarian philosophy expounded in the late 1700s and early 1800s developed the idea of the ideal and perfect balance of happiness. Jeremy Bentham, a leading Utilitarian thinker, developed ideas of surveillance and the panopticon by which all can be seen. These reformatory practices, designed to quantify happiness, calculate moral goodness and produce the optimal balance, echo the anti-privacy measures inflicted upon the citizens of More’s Utopia.
(IV) In the 1800s, the rise of urban industrialization triggered the proliferation of Utopian projects (agricultural communes), all of which failed. Utopia became the project of creating an ideal society apart from the demoralizing city. These Utopian projects were especially popular in Britain, France, and New England. The Utopian celebration of common property and dependence upon extensive state planning are the groundwork for communism and socialism as presented in Marx and Engels’ written works. 1848, the year of Marx’s Communist Manifesto, is a year of urban revolutions. Utopia’s criticisms of the nobility’s perversion of law to subjugate the poor were applied to the suffering of industrial and factory workers. The abolition of money, private property, and class structure would undermine the power of the ⓔ부르주아계층. Socialists believed that agricultural economies with property held in common would cure the ills of industrial capitalization.
(V) With the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the twentieth-century rise of communism, the ills of Utopia were made evident. The overbearing regulation and stifling of individualism were apparent in the communist Eastern Bloc and Soviet states. To be sure, More was neither a Communist nor a Socialist and it wouldn’t necessarily be accurate to call More a Utopian either. (B)_______, More’s work certainly propelled the philosophical development of these themes.
24. 위 글 (I)~(V)의 제목으로 적절하지 않은 것은?
① (I) : The Introduction to Thomas More’s Utopia
② (II) : Thomas More and Utopia’s Historical Background
③ (III) : Utopia’s Impact on Political Thought and Literature
④ (IV) : The Influence of Utopia on the Emergence of Communism and Socialism
⑤ (V) : The Problems of Utopia Revealed in 20th Communism -
Question 25 of 44
25. Question
25. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 공통으로 들어갈 3단어 표현을 쓰시오.
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Question 26 of 44
26. Question
26. ⓐ~ⓔ에 해당하는 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 영어로 쓰시오.
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(첫글자 빼고 쓰세요)
ⓐ hⓑ m
ⓒ h
ⓓ e
ⓔ b
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Question 27 of 44
27. Question
27. 위 글의 문단 (I)~(V)에 대한 이해나 추론으로 올바른 것을 2개 고르시오.
① (I): More and Erasmus collaborated on the writing of Utopia, sharing a joint vision for a society that harmonizes humanist and Christian ideals.
② (II): More’s execution for his religious beliefs suggests that he may have been perceived as a threat to the Anglican Church’s authority and the King’s supremacy.
③ (III): Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon concept was influenced by the panopticon described in More’s Utopia, suggesting a connection between the two.
④ (IV): The concepts of common property and state planning in Utopian societies were foundational elements that influenced the development of communism and socialism.
⑤ (V): More explicitly identified himself as a Utopian, which directly contributed to the rise of communism in the twentieth century. -
Question 28 of 44
28. Question
28. 윗글을 읽고 보인 반응으로 잘못된 것은?
① “More’s ‘Utopia’ cleverly uses satire to critique the societal issues of his time, especially focusing on political and religious hypocrisy.”
② “The connection between More’s execution for his religious beliefs and his critical writings against the Anglican Church is a *poignant reminder of his commitment to his faith.”
③ “It’s fascinating how ‘Utopia’ contributed to the development of utilitarian thought and the idea of a perfectly balanced society.”
④ “The historical context of More’s ‘Utopia’ and its influence on early socialistic and communistic thoughts in the 19th century shows the depth of its impact.”
⑤ “Thomas More’s ‘Utopia’ directly inspired the Russian Revolution and the rise of twentieth-century communism.” -
Question 29 of 44
29. Question
As a literary work, Utopia has retained its power to impact British and American writers. From the Greek prefix dys- (i.e. bad, ill) comes the word “Dystopia,” reflecting Utopia’s negative qualities. Dickens’ novels of industrialized Britain depict planned factory cities gone wrong like the city of Coketown in Hard Times. Utopia remains in the backdrop: a desirable alternative but an equally failing effort. Works like George Orwell’s 1984, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 are dystopic novels that warn of the false hope of heavily programmed utopias. In 1887, a New England socialist named Edward Bellamy wrote Looking Backward, a novel that glanced into the future, presenting a celebratory image of a Utopian America.
The word Utopia has a double meaning then. In the academic disciplines of architecture and urban planning, leading figures like Lewis Mumford, Le Corbusier, and Frederic Law Olmsted (creator of Central Park) all developed the idea of Utopia in a positive sense. In political theory, however, Utopia has often been interpreted as a most dangerous form of naiveté. The impulse to plan perfection leads to the tyranny of Orwell’s “Big Brother.”29. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
① Charles Dickens’ portrayal of Coketown in Hard Times was intended to illustrate the successful implementation of urban planning in industrial Britain.
② Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward was a criticism of the socialist ideals that were prevalent in New England during the late 19th century.
③ George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, and Ray Bradbury authored novels that celebrate the perfection of society through advanced programming and control.
④ In political theory, the concept of Utopia is synonymous with the idea of a perfect society that is free from the dangers of authoritarian control.
⑤ The term Utopia carries both positive and negative connotations, depending on whether it is discussed within the fields of architecture and urban planning or political theory. -
Question 30 of 44
30. Question
다음은 위 글(유토피아 전체)에 대한 요약문이다. 문맥상 빈칸 (A)~(D)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?
Thomas More’s “Utopia,” a satirical work from 1516, (A)_____ criticizes Europe’s political and religious flaws through the depiction of an ideal society. While reflecting his Catholic Humanism, the work inspired (B)_____ political thought, influencing utilitarianism and the development of socialism and communism. However, its legacy also includes the concept of (C)_____, as seen in literary works warning against the dangers of overly planned utopias. Utopia’s (D)_____ interpretation has influenced fields like architecture and political theory, highlighting the fine line between idealism and naiveté.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
① directly – diverse – dystopia – dual
② directly – similar – utopia – single
③ indirectly – various – utopia – dual
④ indirectly – diverse – dystopia – dual
⑤ indirectly – the same – dystopia – single -
Question 31 of 44
31. Question
[31~33]
Edward: My name’s Ed Snowden, I’m 29 years old. I work for Booz Allen Hamilton as an infrastructure analyst for the NSA in Hawaii.
Glenn: And what are some of the positions you held previously within the intelligence community?
Edward: I’ve been a systems engineer, systems administrator, senior advisor for the Central Intelligence Agency, solutions consultant, and a telecommunications information systems officer.
Glenn: One of the things people are going to be most interested in, in trying to understand what — who you are and what you’re thinking is, there came some point in time when you crossed this line of thinking about being a whistleblower, to making the choice to actually become a whistleblower. Walk people through that decision making process.
Edward: When you’re in positions of privileged access, like a systems administrator for the sort of intelligence community agencies, ⓐyou’re exposed to a lot more information on a broader scale than the average employee, and because of that, you see things that may be disturbing, but over the course of a normal person’s career, you’d only see one or two of these instances. When you see everything, ⓑyou see them on a more frequent basis, and you recognize that some of these things are actually abuses, and when you talk to people about them, in a place like this, where ⓒthis is the normal state of business, people tend not to take them very seriously, and you know, move on from them. But over time, that awareness of the wrong-doing sort of builds up, and you feel compelled to talk about it, and the more you talk about it, the more you’re ignored, ⓓthe more you’re telling people it’s not a problem, until eventually you realize that these things need to be determined by the public, ⓔnot by somebody who was simply hired by the government.
31. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.
① 에드워드는 하와이의 국가안보국(NSA)에서 인프라 분석가로 일한다고 밝혔다.
② 에드워드는 과거에 중앙정보국(CIA)의 수석 고문을 포함한 여러 정보 기관에서 다양한 직책을 수행했다고 언급했다.
③ 글렌은 에드워드에게 내부고발자가 되기로 생각한 시점에 대해 알려달라고 요청했다.
④ 에드워드는 정보 기관에서 권한이 있는 위치에 있을 때, 일반 사람들보다 더 많은 정보에 접근할 수 있다고 언급했다.
⑤ 에드워드는 권력의 남용을 목격한 후, 이러한 문제는 대중이 결정해야 한다는 결론에 도달했다고 말했다. -
Question 32 of 44
32. Question
32. ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 문맥상 적절하지 않은 부분이 포함된 것을 고르시오.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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Question 33 of 44
33. Question
33. 윗글의 내용과 일치하거나 추론할 수 있는 것을 2개 고르시오.
① Systems administrators in intelligence agencies are often encouraged to discuss their concerns about abuses they observe.
② Systems administrators in intelligence agencies may witness disturbing instances more frequently than the average employee.
③ Employees in intelligence community agencies are typically well-informed about the ethical implications of the abuses they encounter.
④ The public is generally aware of the abuses occurring within intelligence community agencies due to the transparency of information.
⑤ The process of recognizing and attempting to address abuses within intelligence community agencies can lead to a sense of isolation and dismissal for the concerned individual. -
Question 34 of 44
34. Question
Glenn:
Talk a little bit about how the American surveillance state actually functions, and does it target the actions of Americans.Edward:
NSA and the intelligence community in general is focused on getting intelligence whereever it can, by any means possible. It believes, on the grounds of, sort of, a self-certification that they serve the national interests. Originally we saw that focus very narrowly tailored, as foreign intelligence gathered overseas. Now increasingly we see that it’s happening domestically. And to do that, they, the NSA specifically, targets the communications of everyone. It ingests them by default, it collects them in a system and it filters them and it analyzes them and it measures them and it stores them, for periods of time, simply because that’s the easiest most efficient and most valuable way to achieve these ends. So while they may be intending to target someone with an association with a foreign government, or someone they suspect of terrorism, they’re collecting your communications to do so. Any analyst, at any time, can target anyone; any selector, anywhere. Where those communications will be picked up depends on the range of the sensor networks, and the authorities that that analyst is empowered with. Not all analysts have the ability to target everything, but I, sitting at my desk, certainly had the authorities to wiretap anyone, from you or your accountant, to a federal judge, to even the President, if I had a personal email.34. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
① The NSA’s methods of intelligence gathering are strictly confined to foreign entities and are not designed to monitor domestic communications.
② The NSA’s intelligence operations are conducted with a high degree of transparency and require external approval before targeting any individual’s communications.
③ The NSA’s intelligence gathering is *indiscriminate and potentially infringes on the privacy of individuals.
④ The NSA’s surveillance capabilities are limited to what their technology can capture but are not influenced by the level of authority granted to individual analysts.
⑤ The NSA’s intelligence activities are solely motivated by the goal of economic gain and do not take into account the broader national interests.
*indiscriminate: 무분별한 -
Question 35 of 44
35. Question
[35~36]
Glenn:
One of the extraordinary parts about this episode is that usually whistleblowers do what they do anonymously, take steps to remain anonymous for as long as they can which, they hope often, is forever. You on the other hand have decided to do the opposite, which is, to declare yourself openly as the person behind these disclosures. Why did you choose to do that?Edward:
I think that the public is owed an explanation of the motivations behind the people who make these disclosures that are outside of the democratic model. When you are ⓐ__________ the power of government, that’s a fundamentally dangerous thing to a democracy. And if you do that in secret consistently, as the government does when it wants to benefit from that secret action that it took, it’ll kind of give its official mandate to go, “Hey, tell the press about this thing and that thing so the public is on our side,” but they rarely, if ever, do that when an abuse occurs. That falls to individual citizens, but they’re typically ⓑ__________, it becomes a thing of these people are against the country or against the government, but I’m not. I’m not different from anybody else—I don’t have special skills. I’m just another guy who sits there, day to day, in the office and watches what’s happening and goes, ‘This is something that’s not our place to decide. The public needs to decide whether these policies are right or wrong.’ And I’m wiling to go on the record to defend the ⓒ__________ of them and say ‘I didn’t change these, I didn’t modify the story. This is the truth, this is what’s happening, you should decide whether we need to be doing this.’35. 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ~ⓒ에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 단어를 아래 조건에 맞추어 쓰시오.
<조건>
1. 주어진 철자로 시작해야 함. (주어진 철자를 포함하여 답안지 작성)
2. 주어진 의미를 가진 단어를 써야 함.
3. 문법적 오류가 없어야 함.
4. 빈칸 하나 당 하나의 alphabet letter를 써야 함.ⓐ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
의미: to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established
political systemⓑ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _
의미: to say false and unpleasant things about someone, or to criticize someone unfairlyⓒ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
의미: the quality of being real or true-
(첫글자 빼고 쓰세요)
ⓐs
ⓑm
ⓒa
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Question 36 of 44
36. Question
36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
① The speaker believes that the government should have unrestricted power to keep its actions secret from the public.
② The speaker feels that individual citizens who disclose government secrets are often celebrated as heroes by the government and the public.
③ The speaker considers himself to possess extraordinary abilities that enable him to discern the truth behind government actions.
④ The speaker is of the opinion that the public should be informed about government policies and have the right to judge their appropriateness.
⑤ The speaker has admitted to altering the information before releasing it to ensure that it aligns with his personal beliefs. -
Question 37 of 44
37. Question
Glenn: Have you given thought to what the US government’s response to your conduct is, in terms of what they might say about you, how they might try to depict you, what they might try to do to you?
Edward: Yeah. I could be rendered by the CIA, I could have people come after me, or any of their third-party partners, you know. They work closely with a number of other nations. Or, you know, they could pay off the Triads, or any, any of their agents or assets. We’ve got a CIA station just up the road in the consulate here in Hong Kong, and I’m sure they’re going to be very busy for the next week. And that’s a fear I’ll live under for the rest of my life, however long that happens to be. You can’t come forward against the world’s most powerful intelligence agencies and be completely free from risk because they’re such powerful adversaries that no one can meaningfully oppose them. If they want to get you, they’ll get you in time. But, at the same time, you have to make a determination about what it is that’s important to you, and if living unfreely but comfortably is something you’re willing to accept—and I think many of us are, it’s human nature—you can get up every day, you can go to work, you can collect your large paycheck, for relatively little work, against the public interest, and go to sleep at night after watching your shows. But, if you realize that that’s the world you helped create, and it’s going to get worse with the next generation and the next generation, who extend the capabilities of this sort of architecture of oppression, you realize that you might be willing to accept any risk, and it doesn’t matter what the outcome is so long as the public gets to make their own decision about how that’s applied.
37. 윗글과 일치하거나 추론할 수 있는 것을 2개 고르시오.
① The speaker has a *covert relationship with the Triads and is indicating a willingness to engage with them further.
② The CIA and its partners are incapable of conducting operations in Hong Kong due to the presence of other international agencies.
③ The speaker believes that the public is generally aware of the intelligence agencies’ activities and that this awareness prevents the agencies from acting *with impunity.
④ The speaker suggests that it’s human nature to want to live comfortably even though they are not free.
⑤ The speaker considers the risk of retaliation by intelligence agencies as an acceptable trade-off for the opportunity to inform the public about matters that affect their freedom and privacy.
*covert: 은밀한 *with impunity : 벌을 받지 않고, 무사히 -
Question 38 of 44
38. Question
[38~30]
(I) Glenn: Why should people care about surveillance?
Edward: Because even if you’re not doing anything wrong, you’re being watched and recorded. And the storage capability of these systems increases every year, consistently, by orders of magnitude. It’s getting to the point where you don’t have to have done anything wrong, you just eventually have to fall under suspicion from somebody, even if it’s by a wrong call, and then they can use the system to go back in time and scrutinize every decision you’ve ever made, every friend you’ve ever discussed something with, and attack you on that basis to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life and paint anyone in the context of a wrong-doer.(II) Glenn: We are currently sitting in a room in Hong Kong, which is where we are because you traveled here. Talk a little bit about why it is that you came here and, specifically, there are going to be people who will speculate that you intend to defect to the country that many see as the number one rival to the United States, which is China, and what you’re really doing is essentially seeking to aid an enemy of the United States with which you intend to seek asylum. Can you talk a little bit about that?
Edward: Sure. So, there are a couple of assertions in those arguments that are sort of embedded in the questioning of the choice of Hong Kong. The first is that China is an enemy of the United States. It’s not. I mean, there are conflicts between the United States government and the Chinese PRC government, but the peoples, inherently, we don’t care, we trade with each other freely, we’re not at war, we’re not in armed conflict, and we’re not trying to be— we’re the largest trading partners out there for each other. Additionally, Hong Kong has a strong tradition of free speech. People think, ‘Oh, great China firewall.’ Mainland China does have significant restrictions on free speech, but the people of Hong Kong have a long tradition of protesting in the streets, of making their views known; the internet is not filtered here, no more so than any Western government, and I believe that the Hong Kong government is actually independent in relation to a lot of leading Western governments.38. (I)을 바탕으로 일치하거나 추론할 수 있는 것은?
① Individuals are constantly under surveillance, which could lead to a future where personal privacy is completely eradicated due to the exponential growth in data storage technology.
② The systems in question are designed to target and *incriminate individuals who have a history of making poor decisions and engaging in illegal activities.
③ The advancement in storage technology is primarily driven by the need to enhance the security of personal data against unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.
④ People who have been accused of a crime are the only ones at risk of having their past scrutinized by the surveillance systems mentioned in the passage.
⑤ The scrutiny of an individual’s past actions by these systems is a *methodical process that requires substantial evidence before any form of suspicion is raised.
*incriminate: …이 잘못한[유죄인] 것처럼 보이게 하다 *methodical: 체계적인, 꼼꼼한 -
Question 39 of 44
39. Question
39. (II)을 바탕으로 일치하거나 추론할 수 있는 것은?
① Edward believes that the relationship between the United States and China is characterized by mutual hostility and a desire for *armed confrontation.
② Edward suggests that the people of the United States and China are inherently opposed to each other and do not engage in any form of trade due to their governments’ conflicts.
③ Edward infers that the Hong Kong government’s stance on free speech is more restrictive than that of any Western government, aligning closely with Mainland China’s policies.
④ Edward implies that the Hong Kong government lacks any form of independence and is directly controlled by leading Western governments.
⑤ Edward indicates that despite governmental conflicts, the citizens of the United States and China maintain a peaceful relationship through trade and do not seek armed conflict, and that Hong Kong has a distinct tradition of free speech.
*armed: 무장한 -
Question 40 of 44
40. Question
[40~41]
Glenn: If your motive had been to harm the US and help its enemies, or if your motive had been personal material gain, were there things you could have done with these documents to advance those goals that you didn’t end up doing?
Edward: Oh, absolutely. Anybody in the position of access with the technical capabilities that I had could, you know, suck out secrets, pass them on the open market to Russia— they always have an open door, as we do. I had access to the whole rooster of everyone at the NSA, the entire intelligent community, and undercover assets all around the world, the locations of every station that we have, what their missions are, and so forth. If I had just wanted to harm the US, you could shut down the surveillance system in an afternoon. And I think for anyone making that argument, they need to think, if they were in my position—and you know, you live a privileged life, you’re living in Hawaii, in paradise and making a ton of money—what would it take to make you leave everything behind? The greatest fear that I have regarding the outcome, for America, of these disclosures is that everything will change. People will see in the media all of these disclosures, they’ll see the lengths the government’s going to grant themselves powers bilaterally to create greater control over American society and global society, but they won’t be willing to take the risks necessary to stand up and fight to change things, to force their representatives to actually take a stand in their interests. And the months ahead, the years ahead, it’s only going to get worse until, eventually, there will be a time when policies will change, because the only thing that restricts the activities of the surveillance state is policy. Even our agreements with foreign governments, we consider that to be a stipulation of policy rather than a stipulation of law. And, because of that, a new leader will be elected, they’ll flip the switch, say that because of the crisis, because of the dangers that we face in the world—some new and unpredicted threat— we need more authority, we need more power. And there will be nothing the people can do at that point to oppose it and it will be turkey tyranny.
40. 밑줄 친 단어 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것의 개수는?
① 3개 ② 4개 ③ 5개 ④ 6개 ⑤ 7개
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Question 41 of 44
41. Question
41. 윗글을 바탕으로 일치하거나 추론할 수 있는 것은?
① Edward had the ability to cause significant damage to the United States by disrupting its surveillance system but chose not to do so.
② Edward believes that the American public will actively seek to limit the powers of the surveillance state in the near future.
③ Edward’s actions were motivated by a desire for personal gain and to exploit his privileged position for financial benefits.
④ Edward is confident that the current policies restricting the surveillance state will remain unchanged and continue to protect individual freedoms.
⑤ Edward fears that the surveillance state’s power may expand, but believes that the public will eventually be able to resist effectively before it is too late. -
Question 42 of 44
42. Question
The Panopticon is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century. The concept of the design is to allow all (pan-) inmates of an institution to be observed (-opticon) by a single watchman without the inmates being able to tell whether or not they are being watched. Although it is physically impossible for the single watchman to observe all cells at once, the fact that the inmates cannot know when they are being watched means that all inmates must act as though they are watched at all times, effectively controlling their own behaviour constantly. The design consists of a circular structure with an “inspection house” at its centre, from which the manager or staff of the institution are able to watch the inmates, who are stationed around the perimeter. Bentham conceived the basic plan as being equally applicable to hospitals, schools, sanatoriums, daycares, and asylums, but he devoted most of his efforts to developing a design for a Panopticon prison, and it is his prison which is most widely meant by the term.
42. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 2개 고르시오.
① 파놉티콘은 제레미 벤담이 고안한 감시 시스템으로서, 수감자들은 자신이 언제 감시당하는지를 인지할 수 있도록 설계되었다.
② 파놉티콘에서는 한 명의 교도관이 실제로 모든 감방을 동시에 관찰할 수 있는 능력을 가질 수 있다.
③ 수감자들이 언제 감시를 받고 있는지 알 수 없기 때문에, 그들은 끊임없이 감시받고 있다고 가정하고 행동하게 되어 자기 스스로의 행동을 조절하게 된다.
④ 파놉티콘 중앙의 ‘사찰실(inspection house)’에서 수감자들이 관리자나 직원에 의해 관찰된다.
⑤ 제레미 벤담은 파놉티콘의 원리를 학교와 병원을 포함한 다양한 공공시설에 적용할 계획을 가졌으나, 그의 주된 관심은 감옥의 설계에 있었다. -
Question 43 of 44
43. Question
Most influentially, the idea of the panopticon was invoked by Michel Foucault, in his Discipline and Punish (1975), as a metaphor for modern “disciplinary” societies and their pervasive inclination to observe and normalize. The Panopticon is an ideal architectural figure of modern disciplinary power. The Panopticon creates a consciousness of permanent visibility as a form of power, where no bars, chains, and heavy locks are necessary for domination any more. Foucault proposes that not only prisons but all hierarchical structures like the army, schools, hospitals and factories have evolved through history to resemble Bentham’s Panopticon. The notoriety of the design today stems from Foucault’s famous analysis of it.
Building on Foucault, contemporary social critics often assert that technology has allowed for the deployment of panoptic structures invisibly throughout society. Surveillance by CCTV cameras in public spaces is an example of a technology that brings the gaze of a superior into the daily lives of the populace. ISPs are also able to track users’ activities, while user-generated content means that daily social activity may be recorded and broadcast online.43. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① Michel Foucault invented the panopticon concept in his book “Discipline and Punish” to symbolize the pervasive surveillance within societies that aim to normalize behavior.
② The panopticon, as an architectural model, is considered by Foucault to be effective for exerting power without the need for physical restraints like chains or locks.
③ Foucault suggests only prisons have adopted the panoptic principles outlined by Bentham, excluding other hierarchical organizations.
④ Foucault’s analysis of the panopticon is relatively unknown and has not significantly influenced the design’s reputation in contemporary times.
⑤ According to current social critics, the proliferation of panoptic mechanisms is becoming less prevalent with the advent of new technologies. -
Question 44 of 44
44. Question
Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is an American computer professional, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, and former contractor for the United States government who copied and leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 without prior authorization. His disclosures revealed numerous global surveillance programs, many run by the NSA and the Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance with the cooperation of telecommunication companies and European governments. In 2013, Snowden was hired by an NSA contractor, Booz Allen Hamilton, after previous employment with Dell and the CIA. On May 20, 2013, Snowden flew to Hong Kong after leaving his job at an NSA facility in Hawaii and in early June he revealed thousands of classified NSA documents to journalists Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras and Ewen MacAskill. Snowden came to international attention after stories based on the material appeared in The Guardian and The Washington Post. Further disclosures were made by other newspapers including Der Spiegel and The New York Times. On June 21, 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice unsealed charges against Snowden of two counts of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 and theft of government property. On June 23, he flew to Moscow, Russia, where he reportedly remained for over a month. Later that summer, Russian authorities granted him one-year asylum, which was later extended to three years. As of 2015, he was still living in an undisclosed location in Russia while seeking asylum elsewhere.
44. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① 스노든은 미국 CIA에서 근무하던 도중 기밀문서를 유출했다.
② 파이브 아이즈 인텔리전스 얼라이언스는 독자적으로 감시 프로그램을 운영했다.
③ 스노든은 2013년에 NSA 계약업체인 부즈 앨런 해밀턴에 새로 취업했다.
④ 스노든은 하와이에서 일을 그만두고 바로 러시아로 이동했다.
⑤ 미국 법무부는 스노든에게 총 세 가지 혐의로 기소했다.