한영1 기말 2주차 진단고사
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필독
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
- 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Observe a single ant and it doesn’t make much sense — walking in one direction, suddenly careening in another for no obvious reason, doubling back on itself. Thoroughly unpredictable. The same happens with two ants, with a handful of ants.
(A) And critically, there’s no blueprint or central source of command — each individual ant has algorithms for its behaviors. But this is not the wisdom of the crowd, where a bunch of reasonably informed individuals outperform a single expert.
(B) But a colony of ants makes fantastic sense. Specialized jobs, efficient means of exploiting new food sources, complex underground nests with temperature regulated within a few degrees.
(C) The ants aren’t reasonably informed about the big picture. Instead, the behavior algorithms of each ant consist of a few simple rules for interacting with the local environment and local ants. And out of this emerges a highly efficient colony.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
We know that negotiators often assume a situation is distributive and therefore competitive when indeed it is not necessarily so. In the classic negotiation primer, Fisher and Ury give the example of two individuals fighting over a small number of oranges. Each needs the oranges for worthwhile purposes and there is no way to obtain additional oranges. The negotiators begin using competitive strategies — trying to convince each other to give up or sell the oranges. Because their claims on the oranges were assumed to be mutually exclusive, no deal could be reached — more oranges for one negotiator meant fewer oranges for the other. Then they changed to an integrative bargaining strategy. They sought to learn more about each other’s needs with the goal of helping each other meet their needs. In the end, they realized that one negotiator needed the juice of the orange and the other needed only the rind. Their needs were not mutually exclusive, yet a traditional distributive bargaining approach would have resulted in impasse.
① Negotiators initially viewed the situation with the oranges as a zero-sum game, where gains for one party would result in losses for the other.
② The shift to an integrative bargaining strategy involved the negotiators exploring each other’s underlying needs regarding the oranges.
③ The resolution of the conflict over the oranges was facilitated by the discovery that the negotiators’ needs could be simultaneously satisfied.
④ The negotiators were initially unwilling to share any information about their specific needs for the oranges.
⑤ A distributive bargaining approach often leads to impasses in negotiations where parties’ needs might actually be complementary.
*impasse : 교착상태
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
- 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
The contribution of culture to ①advancement has been called the ratchet effect, based on an analogy with the tool that permits forward movement but prevents backward movement. Michael Tomasello, an expert who has written extensively about both primate and human thought capabilities, summarizes the effect this way. Two things are needed for ②regress. The first is ③creativity: Someone has to come up with a better solution to a common problem. The other is ④conservation: The solution has to be transmitted to others and remembered, so everyone can continue using it even after the inventor or discoverer has died. Tomasello says that nonhuman apes actually are pretty good at coming up with ⑤original, creative solutions to problems. For them (our biological relatives), the problem is with conservation. Even if the solver remembers the solution for a while, and even if a couple of his or her mates copy the solution and use it for a while, it is eventually forgotten, and the next generation has to start over.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
- 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Gaining self-knowledge through reflected self-appraisals might seem to suggest that we have little say in how we see ourselves. But the idea here is that we internalize how we think others appraise us, not necessarily how others actually see us. In fact, our reflected self-appraisals often do not correlate highly with the appraisals that others actually make of us. Figuring out how and to what degree reflected self-appraisals influence people’s sense of self can be tricky. For example, Amy’s view of herself as a clumsy person could stem from her perception that her family and friends see her this way — but it’s also possible that her view of herself as clumsy is actually what led her to perceive these reflected self-appraisals. Indeed, self-views often affect reflected self-appraisals rather than the other way around. The upshot, then, is that although other people influence our sense of self through reflected self-appraisals, their impact may not be as simple and direct as the looking-glass self, referring to the idea that we see ourselves as others see us.
① Understanding Self-Knowledge: A Psychological Perspective
② How to Change Others’ Perceptions of You
③ The Looking-Glass Self: Fact or Fiction?
④ The Role of Family and Friends in Shaping Self-Identity
⑤ The Complex Relationship Between Self-Views and Reflected Self-Appraisals
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
- 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Many economic laws have been criticized as having only statistical necessity. Consider the law stating that ________. We can show that it is not universally true with a thought experiment featuring an isolated village of peasants. The villagers can subsist on a weekly ration of one pound of rice and two pounds of beans or can subsist on the tastier and more nutritious fare of one pound of rice, one pound of beans, and one pound of fish. Rice and beans each cost $ 1.00 per pound, but a pound of fish costs $1.20. Since the peasants are paid $ 3.20 a week, they spend it all on the rice, beans, and fish diet. What happens if the price of beans rises to $ 1.10? (It is impossible to buy less than a pound of anything.) Bean sales double because the only adequate diet becomes the one with one pound of rice and two pounds of beans.
① the price of a product determines its market demand
② the sales volume of a product is proportional to its price
③ the supply of a product is dependent on its market price
④ the amount supplied is directly proportional to its price
⑤ the quantity sold varies inversely with its price
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
- 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
There are fascinating effects of group size. In a dyad or triad, the host usually has the ①advantage over the visitor; the host is more likely to get his or her own way. Thus, a businessperson can strike a ②worse deal by inviting the other person to his or her office. But such territorial dominance — the so-called home court advantage — may ③vanish if the group is larger than a triad. In public places, a large group may also ④prevent an individual from helping someone in distress. More than 50 studies have shown consistently that people are less likely to help a victim if others are around than if they are alone with the victim. A ⑤significant reason is that the knowledge that others are present and available to respond allows the individual to shift some of the responsibility to others. The same factor operates in “social loafing”: As the size of a group performing a certain task increases, each member tends to work less hard.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
- 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Differences in power distance can have an impact on learners’ perceived position in the course and may result in some learners not being able to interact as equals with other learners. Tony Bates, an author and educator, describes how culture influences critical thinking skills, debate, and discussion. In an online environment, learners are often encouraged to critically evaluate and debate the content being presented and share their ideas and knowledge in discussion. Cultural differences may affect the degree to which individual learners interact and can interfere with ________. Cultural differences can also affect learners who consider the instructor a higher power. If you participate in discussions and other activities by offering opinions on a topic or issue, a learner who views you as a higher power may find it difficult to offer opinions or ideas that are contrary to your opinions. Instructional activities that are teacher-directed tend to be best for learners from cultures with higher power distance, whereas lower power distance cultures prefer more learner-directed learning strategies.
① the ability of students to adapt to different educational environments
② their capacity to challenge prevailing ideas or express opposing views
③ the effectiveness of online platforms in fostering educational equality
④ the extent to which technology can bridge cultural gaps
⑤ the role of instructors in managing culturally diverse classrooms
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
- 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 2개 고르시오.
Consider the old saying “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” As individuals, we are quick to access information that helps us. But we often lack the ability to make sense of it, or to use it appropriately. One of us has a brother who is a medical doctor. He encounters this problem on a daily basis (and we might add, he is not too happy about it). Patients show up with (often incorrect) self-diagnoses derived from spending a couple of hours on the Internet. It is the same in business: senior executives second-guess their subordinates because their corporate IT system gives them line of sight down to detailed plant-level data. At a societal level, people believe they have the right to information that is in the public interest (think Wikileaks), but they are rarely capable of interpreting and using it in a sensible way.
① The saying “A little learning is a dangerous thing” implies that incomplete knowledge can be harmful.
② The medical doctor mentioned is delighted when patients come with self-diagnoses from the Internet.
③ Senior executives often second-guess their subordinates due to detailed data from corporate IT systems.
④ People universally interpret and use public interest information from sources like Wikileaks sensibly.
⑤ The passage suggests that individuals are slow to access information that assists them.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오.
The sense of familial and cultural solidarity that comes with feasting can be very pleasant and reassuring, rewarding in ways both nutritional and psychological. Eating to 120 percent full is probably a pretty standard performance at a feast, so over the course of a million-plus years of feasting, a strong psychological association likely evolved between being extra full and a sense of social well-being. The importance of social life to human beings cannot be underestimated. The common ancestor we shared with chimpanzees millions of years ago was likely a highly social species, just as chimpanzees and we are today. Over the course of our evolution, humans gained a tool — language — that has helped our kind to ratchet up all aspects of social life. Sharing food both on a day-to-day basis and on special occasions is part of the complex of behaviors that now defines how humans are social. In a less profound or obvious way, occasional overeating may also be part of this complex.
① Overeating is generally considered unhealthy, but in the context of feasts, it contributes positively to psychological well-being.
② The development of language in humans was primarily influenced by the need to improve hunting techniques rather than social interactions.
③ Feasting behaviors have been genetically inherited directly from the common ancestors we share with chimpanzees.
④ Humans have always used language as the sole means to enhance their social interactions during communal activities such as feasting.
⑤ The act of sharing food on special occasions is a behavior that emerged independently of everyday food sharing practices.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
- 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Feeling at home is a biological phenomenon because feelings themselves are the product of the human mind and body. Feelings and emotions evolved over the course of millions of years of evolution to help us regulate and monitor our internal state in relation to the external environment. Anger, fear, sadness, and the other emotions and feelings prime the body for action and help the mind make decisions about what we should or should not do. The feelings we associate with home are built on a cognitive foundation that we inherited from our ancestors. A feeling for home coupled with the inclination and ability to build a shelter for our bodies makes for a profound biocultural adaptation. This adaptation helps people survive in all manner of environments, far from the African woodlands and savannas where the human evolutionary journey first started some six million years ago.
① The Evolution of Human Emotions
② How Our Ancestors Built Shelters
③ The Biological Basis of Feeling at Home
④ The Role of Anger and Fear in Human Survival
⑤ From Savannas to Cities: Human Adaptation