대원 1학년 기말 2주차 진단고사
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
- 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Competitive activities can be more than just performance showcases where the best is recognized and the rest are overlooked. The provision of timely, constructive feedback to participants on performance is an asset that some competitions and contests offer. In a sense, all competitions give feedback. For many, this is restricted to information about whether the participant is an award- or prizewinner. The provision of that type of feedback can be interpreted as shifting the emphasis to demonstrating superior performance but not necessarily excellence. The best competitions promote excellence, not just winning or “beating” others. The emphasis on superiority is what we typically see as fostering a detrimental effect of competition. Performance feedback requires that the program go beyond the “win, place, or show” level of feedback. Information about performance can be very helpful, not only to the participant who does not win or place but also to those who do.
① The Role of Feedback in Competitions
② How to Win Competitions: Tips and Strategies
③ The Detrimental Effects of Competitive Activities
④ Why Winning Isn’t Everything in Contests
⑤ The History of Competitive Activities
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
- 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 2개 고르시오.
The Fremont people were a pre-Columbian archaeological culture which existed between 400 and 1300 AD. They were named after the Fremont River in Utah where the first Fremont sites were discovered. The culture was characterized by small-scale, scattered communities whose primary means of subsistence was farming. They were originally considered to be a part of the neighboring Anasazi culture, but are now considered to be a distinct culture that migrated into the area which encompasses present-day Utah.
In fact, there are several artifact categories of the Fremont culture which mark it as distinct. For instance, they developed a particular way of making baskets called one-rod-and-bundle baskets in which fibers were wrapped around one rod which circled the basket. Some archaeologists contend that Fremont culture can be defined on the basis of this artifact alone because it differed markedly from the way in which the Anasazi constructed baskets.
① The Fremont culture existed between 400 and 1300 AD and was named after a river in Utah.
② The Fremont people were initially thought to be part of the Anasazi culture but were later recognized as distinct.
③ The primary subsistence method of the Fremont people was hunting and gathering.
④ The one-rod-and-bundle basket technique involved wrapping fibers around multiple rods.
⑤ Some archaeologists believe that the distinct basket-making technique alone can define the Fremont culture.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
- 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 2개 고르시오
The modern periodic table as we know it today was first published by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Unlike others, Mendeleev correctly predicted that some elements were still undiscovered. For this reason he didn’t fill out blanks in his table corresponding to atomic masses 44, 68, 72, and 100, ①spots would later be filled by scandium, gallium, germanium, and technetium. He also repositioned certain elements in previous tables after observing the atomic masses assigned to beryllium, indium, and uranium ②were inaccurate.
③Missed from Mendeleev’s table, however, were the noble gases, which Sir William Ramsay discovered between 1894 and 1898, ④the first of them being argon, which had an atomic mass of 40. Because this mass was similar to potassium’s but greater than chlorine’s, he decided to insert the noble gases between the alkali metals and halogens. But it would be British physicist H. G. J. Mosely, who by studying the frequencies of X-rays emitted by the elements in 1913, ⑤demonstrated that the elements were better arranged according to their atomic number rather than their atomic mass, thereby providing a theoretical framework beyond Mendeleev’s simple observations.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
Eratosthenes was a third-century BC Greek mathematician who served as the chief librarian in the library of Alexandria, Egypt, one of the great learning centers of the ancient world. Among his many achievements, he is perhaps best remembered for using his knowledge of mathematics and geometry to calculate the distance of the earth’s circumference.
Eratosthenes began with the knowledge that the sun cast no shadow at noon on June 21 ― the summer solstice ― in the city of Syene, while in Alexandria, due north of Syene, the sun always cast a shadow. This observation by itself showed that the earth was spherical, based on the assumption that the sun’s rays run parallel when they reach the earth, and he realized it could be used to deduce the earth’s circumference. He then measured the angles of the shadows of vertical sticks in Alexandria on the same day and time, which proved to be slanted at an angle 7 degrees from vertical. He decided this angle was congruent to the angle at the earth’s center between Syene and Alexandria. Since this was about one-fiftieth of a full circle, which is 360 degrees, the distance between Syene and Alexandria must be one-fiftieth of the circumference of the earth. He estimated the distance between the two cities to be 5,000 stadia, an ancient Greek unit of measurement, and assuming that the earth was 50 times larger, concluded that its circumference was approximately 250,000 stadia.
Eratosthenes’s calculations were not without flaws, including an error in his estimate of the distance between Alexandria and Syene. Also, there is no consensus on the exact length of the Greek measurement stadia, which Eratosthenes used to make his calculations. Despite all this, his final conclusion was astonishingly accurate. Using modern units of measurement, Eratosthenes’s calculations convert to approximately 25,000―28,900 miles, a stunning conclusion considering that we now know the circumference of the Earth to be 24,903 miles.
① Eratosthenes’s estimate of the earth’s circumference was impressively close to the modern measurement, despite the lack of precise tools and exact measurements available in his time.
② The observation that the sun cast no shadow in Syene at noon on the summer solstice was crucial for Eratosthenes to infer that the earth was spherical.
③ The fact that the sun always cast a shadow in Alexandria on the same date and time as it cast no shadow in Syene indicated a curvature of the earth’s surface.
④ Eratosthenes’s method of calculating the earth’s circumference involved flaws and errors as it was impossible at that time to measure the long distance between Alexandria and Syene.
⑤ Eratosthenes’s estimation that the earth’s circumference was approximately 250,000 stadia was based on the assumption that the distance between Syene and Alexandria was one-fiftieth of this measurement.
*curvature: 굽음
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
One interesting illustrative example of the interaction of culture and natural selection can be seen in the ways that human populations have adapted to surviving at high altitudes. Cross-cultural comparisons, comparing people who live at high altitudes to low altitude populations, reveal that high altitude may have been a source of natural selection in some human populations. Around the world, groups of humans have colonized and survived in mountainous regions. For example, humans seem to have arrived in the Tibetan plateau in the Himalayan mountains around 25,000 years ago. Much later, around 10,000 years ago, humans also colonized the Andes mountains of South America. Without a doubt, culturally transmitted information has been crucial in the success of these populations at high altitude. The cultural innovations that help humans cope with such environments include construction of warm and insulated clothing and shelter, domestication of local animal species such as yaks in the Himalayas, and use of the coca leaf to mitigate the effects of altitude sickness in the Andes.
① The adaptation of human populations to high altitudes involves cultural adjustments.
② The cultural practices of high altitude populations, such as the use of coca leaves, are primarily aimed at survival and adaptation to their harsh environments.
③ The domestication of animals like yaks in the Himalayas suggests a strategic adaptation to the specific needs and resources of the region.
④ The people who colonized Andes mountains adapted to the environment only through cultural adaptations without relying on biological ones.
⑤ Human populations have successfully lived in mountainous regions utilizing culturally transmitted knowledge and innovations.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
- 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 2개 고르시오
I believe ①that fundamental change in meaning — and thinking — represents one of the greatest shifts in history, and most people are missing it. The traditional definition of tolerance means simply to recognize and respect others’ beliefs, practices, and so forth without necessarily agreeing or sympathizing with them. This attitude, ②which everyone has a right to his or her own opinion, is ③what tolerance means to most adults. Webster’s defines tolerate as “to recognize and respect others’ beliefs, practices, etc. without sharing them” and “to bear or put up with someone or something not especially ④liked.” But that is not ⑤that the word promotes anymore, at least not to the majority of the people and institutions using it. The new tolerance considers every individual’s beliefs, values, and lifestyles to be equally valid.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
- 밑줄 친 우리말을 주어진 조건에 맞게 영작하시오.
In order to change relationships, we can only change the way we relate to others, and then others will change the way they relate to us. Your relationships, however, will work best if you are able to be yourself within them. Relationships where you can be yourself are likely to feel more comfortable and to make you happier. This is not to say that you should throw tantrums when you feel like it and be as rude to people as you wish. 또한 ~라고 말하는[시사하는] 것도 아니다 all relationships should be comfortable. Some very good ones can be provocative and challenging. It is rather that relationships tend to become unstable and to be less satisfying when you are not yourself. It follows that it is helpful to be curious about your relationships and try to understand them.
<조건>
- 다음의 단어를 반드시 그대로 사용: suggest, nor, it, that, to
- 단어추가 가능
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(대소문자 무관)
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오.
Born in Paris, France, in 1861, Georges Méliès was a hugely influential figure in the creation of cinema and special effects. Though often overlooked in favor of the Lumière brothers, Méliès had a critical role in the development of cinema. In fact, the Lumière brothers proved to be a catalyst for the career of Méliès when in December 1895 the brothers publicly demonstrated their Cinématographe, the film projector. Méliès was captivated by the Cinématographe’s magical potential and was determined to have a film projector of his own. When the Lumière refused to sell him theirs, he had a similar machine built, which came to be known as the kinetograph. Whereas the Lumière brothers concentrated on producing short films rooted in realism and their vision of an orderly universe, Méliès specialized in fantastic, magical stories using special effects.
Méliès started his career in entertainment by appearing as an illusionist at a number of Parisian venues, including the Cabinet Fantastique, while at the same time developing a keen interest in photography. In 1888, he purchased the Theater Robert-Houdin in Paris, where he refined his skills as a performer, designer, and producer while staging magic shows. He would go on to use many of the tricks he developed during this time in his films.
① Georges Méliès’ early career as an illusionist significantly influenced the thematic content of his films.
② Méliès’ decision to purchase the Theater Robert-Houdin was primarily motivated by his desire to expand into the film industry.
③ The Lumière brothers’ refusal to sell their Cinématographe directly discouraged Méliès from pursuing a career in cinema.
④ The kinetograph developed by Méliès was less technologically advanced than the Cinématographe created by the Lumière brothers.
⑤ Méliès’ films were more commercially successful than those of the Lumière brothers due to their fantastical elements.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
Méliès created his first film with his kinetograph camera in 1896 and screened it to an enthralled audience at the Robert-Houdin, and later that year a happy accident occurred that has since become legend. While filming an everyday street scene, the camera Méliès was using jammed, and he had to spend a few moments fixing it before he could restart filming. Later on when he processed the film, he noticed that objects suddenly appeared, disappeared, or were transformed into other objects. Through this fortunate occurrence, Méliès recognized that not only could his kinetograph be used to record magic but also that magic could be created within the camera itself.
With his newfound skill for manipulating and distorting time and space, Méliès went on to develop a series of complex special effects, pioneering the first double exposure and the first split-screen shot with actors performing more than one part in the same scene, as well as tricks such as slow motion and fade-out. By 1901, Méliès was way ahead of his American counterparts, utilizing editing to improve special effects. In his 1901 film The Man with the Rubber Head, Méliès employed specially built platforms to create the illusion of enlarging objects. He went on to construct sophisticated models, such as an exploding volcano in The Eruption of Mount Pelee (1902). In A Trip to the Moon (1902), his best-known science-fiction film, by combining stage tricks, camera tricks, and a number of animation types, he used a cannon to shoot a spaceship into the eye of a face he had created in the moon. In some of his other works, he sliced people in two and transformed humans into beasts. Through these techniques, Méliès laid the foundations for countless special effects that are now taken for granted and can still be seen in modern blockbusters.
① Méliès’ accidental discovery while filming a street scene led to innovations in cinematic special effects.
② Méliès’ techniques in films involved the transformation of ordinary filming into an opportunity to create visual illusions.
③ The kinetograph camera was initially intended for simple recording purposes before Méliès explored its potential for creating special effects.
④ Méliès’ contributions to film included the development of editing techniques that were not yet practiced by filmmakers in the United States by 1901.
⑤ Méliès’ exploration of special effects in cinema was limited to the use of traditional stage tricks without any technological innovations.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
- 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 2개 고르시오.
The periodic table of elements is an arrangement of chemical elements and their symbols into columns and rows. It shows the relationship between the elements, and each element’s atomic number increases as you move from the top left to the bottom right side of the table. Even before its creation, researchers during the Enlightenment period had already built up vast amounts of elemental knowledge. By 1689, a total of 63 elements had been identified, and as they were, patterns between them began to emerge.
To better predict chemical behavior, scientists began organizing these elements in a table based on their properties. One of the earliest among them was the German chemist Johannes Dobereiner, who in the early nineteenth century, proposed the idea of grouping elements in sets of three that share similar properties. One example of such a triad was gold, silver, and copper. But his theory could not be applied to many other elements of the time, and so it was eventually discarded.
The next evolution of the table came in the mid-nineteenth century when English chemist John Newlands suggested his law of octaves. The atomic masses of many elements became known by this time, which probably led Newlands to hypothesize that chemical behavior was directly related to an element’s mass. He therefore arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and realized that elemental properties were similar on every seventh element, similar to octaves in music. The idea was later rejected, however, since it only worked with elements lighter than calcium.
① The periodic table demonstrates relationships among elements by arranging them in rows and columns.
② By 1689, researchers had identified all of the elements that are known today.
③ Johannes Dobereiner’s triads included elements like gold, silver, and platinum.
④ John Newlands hypothesized that chemical behavior was linked to an element’s atomic mass.
⑤ Newlands’ law of octaves was ultimately accepted because it applied to all known elements.