대원1 4주차 진단고사
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
Many plants rely on animals for the ①dispersal of their pollen. In order to achieve ②inefficient pollination, such flowers must be able to ③lure animals. This has been made possible through the development of colors, shapes, and fragrances that ④entice different animals. For instance, bees cannot see red shades but are able to spot yellow, green, blue, and ultraviolet light. Therefore, bee-pollinated flowers are mostly yellow with a touch of blue and possess a sweet scent, which the bees can ⑤detect. Unlike bees, butterflies cannot smell but are able to see most colors. Hence, butterfly-pollinated flowers tend to be brightly colored, particularly red. Moths come out at night and have a good sense of smell — moth-pollinated flowers are usually light in color so as to be seen in the moonlight, and release a strong, sweet scent only at night.
1. 윗글의 밑줄 친 단어 중에서 문맥상 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
You may think of the North Pole only as the top of the world — its northernmost point. But there is a town in Alaska called “North Pole”, which isn’t near any of the other north poles but it does get snow and receives a lot of mail addressed to Santa Claus. Then there is the geographic north pole, also known as “true north.” This is the spot in the Arctic Ocean where all the man-made lines of longitude converge on a map as well as the conceptual point on the ice-covered waters. Somewhat related to the geographic north pole is the instantaneous north pole, where Earth’s rotational axis meets its surface. The immediate north pole is not fixed because our planet shakes as it rotates. The last two “north poles” relate to Earth’s magnetic field, which is generated by fluid motion inside the planet’s core. That motion — affected by Earth’s rotation — sets up a naturally occurring electric generator that sustains the magnetic field. If you’re standing over the north magnetic pole with a compass, the needle would try to point straight down. But there is another magnetically based north pole: the north geomagnetic pole. The geomagnetic poles are almost an artifact of reducing Earth’s complex and varied magnetic field to that of a simple bar magnet. But the geomagnetic pole is useful, if you’re in space. The farther away from Earth you get, the more its magnetic field actually does act like a bar magnet — even if in reality it is no such thing.
2. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① The town of North Pole is located at the northernmost point of the world.
② The geographic north pole is the same as the instantaneous north pole.
③ The magnetic field of Earth is created by a giant bar magnet at the core.
④ At the north magnetic pole, a compass needle would point downward.
⑤ The north magnetic pole is helpful when you are in outer space.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Some environments are designed precisely to lure us into acting against our interest. That is what happens when we overspend at the high-end mall. Blame it on a retail experience specifically engineered — from the lighting to the color schemes to the width of the aisles — to maximize our desire and liberate cash from our wallets. What is really strange is that the mall environment does not jump out at us like a thief in a dark alley. We have chosen to place ourselves in an environment that, based on past experience, will trigger the urge to buy something we neither need nor want. In overspending, we fall into a trap that we have set for ourselves. The environments of a casino or an online shopping site are even less safe. Very smart people have spent their waking hours with one goal in mind: designing each detail so it triggers a customer to stay and spend.
3. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
① High-end malls use dim lighting to encourage spending.
② The design of a mall has no impact on a customer’s spending habits.
③ People are unaware that malls can trigger the urge to overspend.
④ Casinos and online shopping sites are designed to be financially safe for customers.
⑤ Retail environments are engineered to increase customers’ desire to spend money.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
Our irresistible tendency to see things in human terms — that we are often mistaken in attributing complex human motives and processing abilities to other species — does not mean that an animal’s behavior is not, in fact, complex. Rather, it means that ______________________. Herbert Simon’s “parable of the ant” makes this point very clearly. Imagine an ant walking along a beach, and visualize tracking the trajectory of the ant as it moves. The trajectory would show a lot of twists and turns, and would be very irregular and complicated. One could then suppose that the ant had equally complicated internal navigational abilities, and work out what these were likely to be by analyzing the trajectory to infer the rules and mechanisms that could produce such a complex navigational path. The complexity of the trajectory, however, “is really a complexity in the surface of the beach, not a complexity in the ant.” In reality, the ant may be using a set of very simple rules: it is the interaction of these rules with the environment that actually produces the complex trajectory, not the ant alone. Put more generally, the parable of the ant illustrates that there is no necessary correlation between the complexity of an observed behavior and the complexity of the mechanism that produces it.
4. Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?
① animals’ behaviors are not necessarily indicative of high internal complexity
② the environment has no significant impact on an animal’s behavioral complexity
③ an animal’s behavior is a direct and pure reflection of its cognitive abilities
④ animals’ behaviors are simple and cannot be considered complex in any context
⑤ the complexity observed in animal behavior is always due to advanced cognition
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
Economists theorize that the causes of the informal economy are diverse. Unfortunately, some people are forced into informal work by their circumstances. This may happen when there are too few jobs compared to the labor supply. It may also be caused by insufficient wages, which force people to find part-time work that can provide extra money without having to be officially recorded.
However, necessity is not the only reason people turn to the informal economy. Some workers voluntarily participate. They may be enticed to join it by the potential for certain benefits. The informal economy enables some people to cut costs, for example by escaping taxation or working on illegally occupied property. Another theoretical benefit of the informal economy is ________. Informal workers may be able to adjust their schedules and work from home.
5. Which of the following is most appropriate in the blank?
① occupational stability
② decreased earnings
③ work-life balance
④ formal recognition
⑤ employment contracts
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
Developed in the mid 1800s, album quilts were quilts made by more than a single person. The makers combined their efforts to produce squares called blocks that were individually signed and then assembled into quilts. Each block of these quilts resembles a page in an album, hence the name “album quilt.” Improvements in the chemistry of ink recipes are believed to have led to quilt makers signing their names to blocks, which were then included in the quilts. Often, the quilts were made for and presented to friends or family leaving a community. Occasionally, when a popular pastor was leaving a church, presentation quilts were made by church members in his honor. At other times, they were made as tokens of remembrance for wedding couples.
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
① Album quilts were a solitary craft practiced by individuals.
② The tradition of album quilts started in the early 1900s.
③ The blocks in album quilts were anonymous.
④ Album quilts were commonly given as farewell gifts.
⑤ Album quilts were exclusively made for religious leaders.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
7. 주어진 글 뒤에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
In the early 1900s, automobiles were scarce and expensive; they were owned solely by the privileged few.
(A) The assembly line resulted in the car coming to the worker instead of the worker going to the car. This enabled workers to perform the same task continuously, thus reducing assembly time. A complete car could be built every 2.5 minutes, and this allowed Ford to sell more cars for less money. Consequently, the first inexpensive mass-produced automobile ― the Model T ― became affordable to the average American.
(B) The key to Ford’s ability to manufacture a reasonably priced car was the assembly line. Before the development of the assembly line, cars had to be individually crafted by a number of skilled workmen, and this was a slow and expensive practice.
(C) Henry Ford, however, came up with the idea to produce an automobile that was accessible to the average American.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
8. 주어진 글이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것은?
In other words, mutations that enabled adults to digest lactose arose and spread in cultures that were using milk as an adult food.
Consider the ability of human adults to digest lactose. ( ① ) For all mammal species except humans during the last few thousand years, milk is a food for infants but not adults. ( ② ) Natural selection has resulted in a digestive physiology that turns off the ability to digest lactose shortly after weaning. ( ③ ) When humans started to domesticate livestock some 10,000 years ago and to drink their milk, they were ingesting something to which they were not genetically adapted. ( ④ ) Cultural practices such as fermentation (in which microorganisms do the digesting) enabled milk to be utilized without genetic evolution, but then genetic evolution followed suit over the longer term. ( ⑤ ) This is one of the best-documented examples of gene-culture coevolution, in which cultures shape the selection of genes as much as the reverse.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
Deep below the surface of the ocean, massive currents of water are constantly moving around the globe. Over time, changes in temperature and salinity change the water’s density, causing the currents to circulate in a process known as thermohaline circulation.
The process begins near the earth’s poles, where the temperature is very low. As the surface ocean water in these regions turns to ice, it leaves behind salt. The extra salt makes the water denser, causing it to sink and be carried away from the poles by the underwater currents. The cold, dense water then travels between the continents toward the equator and gradually warms up and rises back to the surface. It flows along the surface of the ocean until it returns to one of the polar regions, where it becomes cold and dense again. The colder, saltier water sinks once more, and the process is repeated.
Although these currents move very slowly ― traveling only a few centimeters per second ― the gradual process of thermohaline circulation is extremely important to all life on the earth. As ocean water travels along the cold, deep layers of the ocean, it collects nutrients and carbon dioxide. When the water warms and rises, it brings these nutrients to the algae and seaweed that live near the surface of the water. Because these organisms are the base of the ocean food chain, thermohaline circulation is an essential part of the ocean ecosystem.
Unfortunately, global warming poses a substantial threat to this important process. As the earth warms and glaciers melt, the water near the poles becomes warmer and less salty. This results in less water sinking and flowing out toward the equator, which, over time, could hinder the flow of currents and potentially effectuate drastic temperature changes around the world.
9. What is the most appropriate topic of the passage above?
① The impact of global warming on marine wildlife
② The process and significance of thermohaline circulation
③ The role of algae and seaweed in the ocean food chain
④ The geographical distribution of underwater currents
⑤ The relationship between ocean salinity and marine ecosystems
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
Visiting the doctor for a new, undiagnosed medical problem can be frightening. Patients often struggle to try to explain their conditions to the doctor in an effective manner, and the physician needs to gather the information they need from a patient without overlooking anything important. All this must be done during a medical interview which, on average, will be shorter than 10 minutes. Some people say responding with something like, “I think I have diabetes,” seems like a big time-saver. But in practice, this attitude will tend to set most doctors on edge. Instead, open the discussion with something like, “My arms and legs are getting really weak lately and now I can barely walk.” You can maximize the interview by giving the doctor the information they are looking for in a simple, concise manner.
10. What is the most appropriate title of the passage?
① Strategies for Communicating with Physicians
② The Causes of Diabetes
③ Time Management in Medical Interviews
④ The Challenges of Diagnosing Medical Conditions
⑤ The Importance of Physical Fitness
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