한영2-1기말 3주차 진단고사
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필독
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
- 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
At the Fresno airport, as I made my way to the gate, I heard a name over the intercom. The way the name was pronounced by the gate agent made me want to see what she looked like. That is, I wanted to see whether she was Mexican. Around Fresno, identity politics rarely deepen into exacting terms, so to say “Mexican” means, essentially, “not white.” The slivered self-identifications Chicano, Hispanic, Mexican-American and Latino are not part of everyday life in the Valley.
(A) It was the kind of makeup job I’ve learned to silently identify at the mall when I’m with my mother, who will say nothing about it until we’re back in the car. Then she’ll stretch her neck like an ostrich and point to the darkness of her own skin, wondering aloud why women try to camouflage who they are. I watched the Mexican gate agent busy herself at the counter, professional and studied.
(B) Once again, she picked up the microphone and, with authority, announced the name of the missing customer: “Eugenio Reyes, please come to the front desk.” You can probably guess how she said it. Her Anglicized pronunciation wouldn’t be unusual in a place like California’s Central Valley. I didn’t have a Mexican name there either: I was an instruction guide.
(C) You’re either Mexican or you’re not. If someone wants to know if you were born in Mexico, they’ll ask. Then you’re From Over There – de alla. And leave it at that. The gate agent, it turned out, was Mexican. Well-coiffed, in her 30s, she wore foundation that was several shades lighter than the rest of her skin.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B) ⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
- 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 2개 고르시오.
Spanish was and still is viewed with suspicion: always the language of the vilified illegal immigrant, it segregated school children into English-only and bilingual programs; it defined you, above all else, as part of a lower class. Learning English, though, brought its own complications with identity. It was simultaneously the language of the white population and a path toward the richer, expansive identity of “American.” But it took getting out of the Valley for me to understand that “white” and “American” were two very different things.
Something as simple as saying our names “in English” was our unwittingly complicit gesture of trying to blend in. Pronouncing Mexican names correctly was never encouraged. Names like Daniel, Olivia and Marco slipped right into the mutability of the English language.
I remember a school ceremony at which the mathematics teacher, a white man, announced the names of Mexican students correctly and caused some confusion, if not embarrassment. Years later we recognized that he spoke in deference to our Spanish Speaking parents in the audience, caring teacher that he was.
① 스페인어는 불법 이민자의 언어로 여겨졌다.
② 영어를 배우는 것은 항상 긍정적인 정체성 변화를 가져왔다.
③ 멕시코 이름을 멕시코 발음으로 하는 것은 장려되지 않았다.
④ 사람들은 수학 교사가 멕시코 학생들의 이름을 정확히 발음한 것을 자랑스럽게 생각했다.
⑤ 수학 교사는 멕시코 학생들의 부모를 존중하기 위해 이름을 정확히 발음했다.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
- 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
With the advent of scientific periodicals, such as the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, books gradually yielded ground to the technical journal article as the chief form of scientific communication.
In the early stages of modern science, scientists communicated their creative ideas largely by publishing books. ( ① ) This modus operandi is illustrated not only by Newton’s Principia, but also by Copernicus’ On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Kepler’s The Harmonies of the World, and Galileo’s Dialogues Concerning the Two New Sciences. ( ② ) Of course, books were not abandoned altogether, as Darwin’s Origin of Species shows. ( ③ ) Even so, it eventually became possible for scientists to establish a reputation for their creative contributions without publishing a single book-length treatment of their ideas. ( ④ ) For instance, the revolutionary ideas that earned Einstein his Nobel Prize – concerning the special theory of relativity and the photoelectric effect – appeared as papers in the Annalen der Physik. ( ⑤ ) His status as one of the greatest scientists of all time does not depend on the publication of a single book.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
- 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 2개 고르시오.
Not just words: Different ways of thinking – Since I began further study in linguistics, I have been interested in language and culture. I have come to understand that language shapes the way people think and feel, and vice versa. I remember that I often felt that I could not describe in English what I was feeling. At the beginning I thought it was due to my lack of knowledge of the language, but I realised later that this was not always the case. I could not find in English exact expressions matching my bodily sensations. The symptoms that I could describe with such words as ssulita, salalaphuta, khokkhok ssusinta or ssahata (referring to stomach aches), could not be described in English. The first expression is usually translated into English as ‘acute or burning pain’. However, neither seemed good translations to me, especially ‘burning pain’, which put me in mind of the pain that one feels when one burns oneself. To me, there was no relationship between the concept of ‘burn’ and the pain that I had in my stomach. However, the Korean expression ssulita did not have translatable alternatives in English other than ‘burning pain’. So I had to use that expression, feeling that I was not describing accurately the pain I felt. There is an expression in Korean, hwakkunkelita, which is used for something like ‘burning pain’, but this expression is not used for the kind of stomach ache that I had. Through this experience I learnt that the categorisation of physical pains and aches is also language-specific. One cannot necessarily find the same category of pain in different languages. Some match and happen to have counterparts, but not all. Whenever I had to describe my symptoms in English to my doctor, I felt awkward as I knew that those expressions in English did not correctly describe my bodily sensations. At the same time I knew that they were the best compromises between what I wanted to say and what I could say. I felt quite frustrated since I was uncertain whether the doctor could diagnose me correctly because of my limited description.
① The author initially believed that their inability to describe feelings in English was due to a lack of her knowledge of English.
② The Korean expression ssulita is commonly translated into English as ‘dull pain’.
③ The author felt that the term ‘burning pain’ was an accurate translation of ssulita.
④ The author experienced frustration when describing symptoms to an English-speaking doctor.
⑤ Hwakkunkelita is a Korean term used to describe a specific type of stomach ache.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 있는 것을 고르시오.
When people ask me where I’m from, I say Fresno because I don’t expect them to know little Dinuba. Fresno is a booming city of nearly 500,000 these days, with a diversity-white, Mexican, African-American, Armenian, Hmong and Middle Eastern people are all well represented-that shouldn’t surprise anyone. It’s in the small towns like Dinuba that surround Fresno that the awareness of cultural difference is stripped down to the interactions between the only two groups that tend to live there: whites and Mexicans. When you hear a Mexican name spoken in these towns, regardless of the speaker’s background, it’s no wonder that there’s an “English way of pronouncing it.”
I was born in 1972, part of a generation that learned both English and Spanish. Many of my cousins and siblings are bilingual, serving as translators for those in the family whose English is barely functional. Others have no way of following the Spanish banter at family gatherings. You can tell who falls into which group: Estella, Eric, Delia, Dubina, Melanie.
It’s intriguing to watch “American” names begin to dominate among my nieces and nephews and second cousins, as well as with the children of my hometown friends. I am not surprised to meet 5-year-old Brandon or Kaitlyn. Hardly anyone questions the incongruity of matching these names with last names like Trujilloor Zepeda. The English-only way of life partly explains the quiet erasure of cultural difference that assimilation has attempted to accomplish. A name like Kaitlyn Zepeda doesn’t completely obscure her ethnicity, but the half-step of her name, as a gesture, is almost understandable.
① The speaker’s family exclusively communicates in Spanish at family gatherings.
② The use of “American” names among the younger generation reflects a shift towards cultural assimilation.
③ Dinuba is a city larger than Fresno with a more diverse population.
④ Everyone in the speaker’s family is fluent in both English and Spanish.
⑤ The naming trends in the speaker’s community do not influence perceptions of cultural identity.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
- 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
Of course they talk to young children, but not in the same way as those ladies did who talked to John, paying full attention and listening actively.
I remember one experience that is related to treating all people in the same way. One day I went to pick up my seven-year-old son John from school. He was in Grade 1 and I was amazed to see him talking to a couple of ladies who appeared to be mothers of his friends. It looked very strange to me. ( ① ) I didn’t know why I felt so strange at that moment. Later, in the car, I started to think about why I felt like that. ( ② ) Then I realised that this kind of scene would not be observed in a Korean school setting. In Korea, children are not treated in the same way as adults are. Adults do not really think that a child at the age of seven can take part in conversations. ( ③ ) I could see them nodding and laughing when John was talking to them. ( ④ ) I saw they were treating him as if he was one of those with whom one can have a conversation. In Korea, people would treat children who are at that age in a somewhat different way, at least in that context. But I liked the idea that people are respected regardless of their age. ( ⑤ ) I’ll return to the issue of age later since it is one of the key cultural values determining various aspects of life in Korea.
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
- 다음 글을 바탕으로 추론할 수 없는 것을 고르시오.
The corrosive effect of assimilation is the displacement of one culture over another, the inability to sustain more than one way of being. It isn’t a code word for racial and ethnic acculturation only. It applies to needing and wanting to belong, of seeing from the outside and wondering how to get in and then, once inside, realizing there are always those still on the fringe.
When I went to college on the East Coast, I was confronted for the first time by people who said my name correctly without prompting; if they stumbled, there was a quick apology and an honest plea to help with the pronunciation. But introducing myself was painful: already shy, I avoided meeting people because I didn’t want to say my name, felt burdened by my own history. I knew that my small-town upbringing and its limitations on Spanish would not have been tolerated by any of the students of color who had grown up in large cities, in places where the sheer force of their native languages made them dominant in their neighborhoods.
It didn’t take long for me to assert the power of code-switching in public, the transferring of words from one language to another, regardless of who might be listening. I was learning that the English language composed new meanings when its constrictions were ignored, crossed over or crossed out. Language is all about manipulation, or not listening to the rules.
When I come back to Dinuba, I have a hard time hearing my name said incorrectly, but I have an even harder time beginning a conversation with others about why the pronunciation of our names matters. Leaving a small town requires an embrace of a larger point of view, but a town like Dinuba remains forever embedded in an either/or way of life. My stepfather still answers to Tony and, as the United States-born children grow older, their Anglicized names begin to signify who does and who does not “belong”-who was born here and who is de alla.
① The narrator experienced a cultural shift when attending college, which included interactions where others made an effort to pronounce his name correctly.
② The narrator’s reluctance to introduce himself stemmed from a discomfort with his own cultural identity and the history it carried.
③ The act of code-switching allowed the narrator to explore and redefine linguistic boundaries, thereby enhancing his communication in a multicultural environment.
④ The narrator believes that the preservation of cultural identity is crucial, particularly in how greetings are carried out his hometown.
⑤ The narrator’s stepfather, Tony, likely changed his name to fit into the American cultural context, reflecting a common practice among immigrants to adapt to a new environment.
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
- 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
This is somewhat similar to my own relationship with them. When I speak with them in English they address me as ‘you’, which makes my status equal to theirs. In Korean, a mother is never addressed as ‘you’. There is no second person pronoun for mother. Terms of address and reference for mother are always emma or emeni, which both mean mother. The boys switch language from Korean to English when they want to address me as ‘you’. In fact, my cousin who lives in the United States said to his daughter that he didn’t want her to address him as ‘you’. I can understand why he feels uncomfortable being called ‘you’ by his own kids and I sympathise with him. It is as if I were one of all those other people who could be ‘you’ to my children, which I feel awkward about. I did not go as far as forbidding them to address me as ‘you’, but I urge them to speak in Korean when they talk to me.
① Cultural differences in addressing parents in Korean and English
② The importance of maintaining native language in immigrant families
③ The impact of language on friendship
④ The evolution of language use among bilingual children
⑤ The role of language in expressing gratitude
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
- 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
What exactly does normal science involve? According to Thomas Kuhn it is primarily a matter of puzzle-solving. However ①triumphant a paradigm is, it will always encounter certain problems – phenomena which it cannot easily ②admit, or mismatches between the theory’s predictions and the experimental facts. The job of the normal scientist is to try to ③remove these minor puzzles while making as few changes as possible to the paradigm. So normal science is a ④conservative activity – its practitioners are not trying to make any earth-shattering discoveries, but rather just to develop and extend the existing paradigm. In Kuhn’s words, ‘normal science does not aim at novelties of fact or theory, and when ⑤unsuccessful finds none’. Above all, Kuhn stressed that normal scientists are not trying to test the paradigm. On the contrary, they accept the paradigm unquestioningly, and conduct their research within the limits it sets. If a normal scientist gets an experimental result which conflicts with the paradigm, they will usually assume that their experimental technique is faulty, not that the paradigm is wrong.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
10.
My name is Manuel. To this day, most people cannot say it correctly, the way it was intended to be said. But I can live with that because I love the alliteration of my full name. It wasn’t the name my mother, Esmeralda, was going to give me. At the last minute, my father named me after an uncle I would never meet. My name was to have been Ricardo. Growing up in Dinuba, I’m certain I would have become Ricky or even Richard, and the journey toward the discovery of the English language’s extraordinary power in even the most ordinary of circumstances would probably have gone unlearned.
I count on a collective sense of cultural loss to once again swing the names back to our native language. The Mexican gate agent announced Eugenio Reyes, but I never got a chance to see who appeared. I pictured an older man, cowboy hat in hand, but I made the assumption on his name alone, the clash of privileges I imagined between someone de alla and a Mexican woman with a good job in the United States. Would she speak to him in Spanish? Or would she raise her voice to him as if he were hard of hearing?
But who was I to imagine this man being from anywhere, based on his name alone? At a place of arrivals and departures, it sank into me that the currency of our names is a stroke of luck: because mine was not an easy name, it forced me to consider how language would rule me if I allowed it. Yet I discovered that only by leaving. My stepfather must live in the Valley, a place that does not allow that choice, every day. And Eugenio Reyes-I do not know if he was coming or going.
① 이름의 발음과 문화적 배경은 개인의 정체성과 밀접하게 연관되어 있다.
② 이름이 어려운 발음일수록 언어와 문화에 대한 깊은 이해를 요구한다.
③ 이름은 사람들의 선입견을 형성할 수 있으며, 이는 문화적 충돌을 야기할 수 있다.
④ 이름을 통해 언어의 힘과 그 영향력을 깨닫게 되는 경우가 있다.
⑤ 이름은 개인의 사회적 지위와 직업적 성공에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
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